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. 2021 Jun 17;24(7):102734. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102734

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© 2021 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Mechanism of the E-field control of magnetic switching

(A) Schematic of 180° magnetization switching from a low-resistance to high-resistance state from the perspective of the FL free energy. (B) Schematic of 180° magnetization switching back from a high-resistance to low-resistance state from the perspective of the FL free energy. The competition among the E-field-induced magnetoelastic anisotropy energy, the magnetic shape anisotropy energy, and the Zeeman energy is the driving force for the E-field-controlled magnetic switching.

(C) Magnetic hysteresis for the unpatterned MTJs under in-situ E-fields along the major-axis direction.

(D) Magnified moment vs. magnetic field (M-H) hysteresis around the low H-field switching region for the FL and RL with the assistance of the E-fields.