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. 2021 Jul 5;18:150. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02198-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Red nucleus IL-33 facilitates the early development of mononeuropathic pain by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. A Western blotting showed an upregulated p-STAT3 in the RN at 1 week post-SNI, intrarubral administration of anti-IL-33 antibody restrained the increase of p-STAT3 (n = 6 per group, F = 21.807, P < 0.001). B Western blotting demonstrated that intrarubral injection of IL-33 stimulated the protein expression of p-STAT3 in naive rats (n = 6 per group, F = 28.843, P < 0.001). C Immunohistochemistry showed that p-STAT3 was increased in the RN of SNI rats (F = 82.451, P < 0.001) and IL-33-induced hypersensitivity rats (F = 135.468, P < 0.001) (n = 4 per group). D Intrarubral administration of JAK2 inhibitor AG490 at 1 week post-injury attenuated SNI-induced mononeuropathic pain compared to DMSO control (n = 5-6 per group, F = 32.046, P = 0.002). E Intrarubral pre-injection of AG490, 30 min before IL-33 administration, relieved IL-33-evoked mechanical hypersensitivity compared to DMSO control (n = 5–6 per group, F = 73.740, P < 0.001). *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. Scale bars = 50 μm