TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics
| Heart failure patients | |
|---|---|
| (n = 102) | |
| Age, years | 70 ± 10 |
| Sex, female | 50 (49) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.5 ± 5.8 |
| Vital signs | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142 ± 22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 ± 14 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72 ± 13 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 79 (78) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 49 (48) |
| Myocardial infarction | 24 (24) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (39) |
| COPD | 18 (18) |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |
| II | 59 (58) |
| III | 42 (42) |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| Beta blockers | 92 (90) |
| ACEi/ARB | 73 (72) |
| MRA | 41 (40) |
| Loop diuretics | 91 (89) |
| Laboratory values | |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/ml) | 1331 [683–2531] |
| eGFR (ml/min*1.73 m2) | 55.0 [39.5–77.0] |
| Echocardiography | |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 54 ± 7 |
| Mitral septal e′ velocity (cm/s) | 7.7 [6.0–9.6] |
| Mitral lateral septal e′ velocity (cm/s) | 6.5 [5.7–7.9] |
| Mean septal/lateral e′ velocity (cm/s) | 7.2 [6.1–8.6] |
| LV E/e′ | 12.2 [8.9–16.3] |
| TAPSE (mm) | 20.3 ± 4.5 |
| LA volume index (ml/m2) | 43 ± 13 |
Note: Quantitative data are presented as mean ± SD or median with interquartile ranges. Qualitative data are presented as n (%).
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MRA, mineral corticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.