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mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) TNFα, (B) IL1a, (C) IL6, (D) MMP-9, (E) CXCL1, and pro-apoptotic factor (F) Caspase-3, were measured at multiple time points (48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days and 14 days) following UMEA implantation. The fold changes in gene expression in two groups of animals receiving UMEA implants (normothermic and MTH-treated) relative to non-implanted animals (dashed black lines) are shown. n=5/group. *p<0.05.
