TABLE 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for diagnosis of GIM
| No GIM | GIM | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N(%) | N(%) | OR | 95% | CI | p value | Adjusted OR | 95% | CI | p value | |
| Total | ||||||||||
| N (%) | 12,903 (91.2) | 1244 (8.8) | ||||||||
| Age group, years | ||||||||||
| <50 | 2997 (96.7) | 101 (3.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ |
| 50–74 | 7255 (91.1) | 719 (9.0) | 2.92 | 2.36 | 3.61 | <0.001 | 2.80 | 2.24 | 3.51 | <0.001 |
| 75 | 2651 (86.2) | 424 (13.8) | 4.69 | 3.75 | 5.87 | <0.001 | 4.54 | 3.55 | 5.80 | <0.001 |
| p total | <0.001 | ‐ | ‐ | Ptotal | <0.001 | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Women | 7056 (91.7) | 635 (8.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| Men | 5847 (90.6) | 609 (9.4) | 1.14 | 1.01 | 1.28 | 0.032 | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.25 | 0.120 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Jewish | 12,591 (91.2) | 1208 (8.8) | 1.10 | 0.78 | 1.56 | 0.587 | 1.27 | 0.89 | 1.81 | 0.190 |
| Arab | 410 (91.9) | 36 (8.1) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 8368 (91.7) | 760 (8.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Current/past | 4535 (90.4) | 484 (9.6) | 1.18 | 1.04 | 1.32 | 0.008 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 1.37 | 0.003 |
| H. pylori status | ||||||||||
| Negative | 9183 (91.3) | 872 (8.7) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Positive | 3720 (91.3) | 372 (9.1) | 1.18 | 1.03 | 1.34 | 0.013 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.40 | 0.003 |
| Anti‐parietal cell antibodies | ||||||||||
| No | 12,749 (91.5) | 1187 (8.5) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 154 (73.0) | 57 (27.0) | 4.04 | 2.95 | 5.52 | <0.001 | 4.21 | 3.06 | 5.78 | <0.001 |
| PPI cumulative (DDD) a | ||||||||||
| PPI‐Q1 | 3306 (92.7) | 260 (7.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ |
| PPI‐Q2 | 3373 (92.4) | 279 (7.6) | 1.05 | 0.88 | 1.24 | 0.573 | 1.10 | 0.92 | 1.32 | 0.284 |
| PPI‐Q3 | 3093 (90.7) | 388 (9.3) | 1.27 | 1.08 | 1.50 | 0.004 | 1.27 | 1.07 | 1.52 | 0.007 |
| PPI‐Q4 | 3131 (89.0) | 388 (11.0) | 1.60 | 1.37 | 1.88 | <0.001 | 1.32 | 1.11 | 1.57 | 0.002 |
| P total | <0.001 | P total | 0.007 | |||||||
| Family history b | ||||||||||
| No | 12,794 (91.2) | 1233 (8.8) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 109 (90.8) | 11 (9.2) | 1.13 | 0.61 | 2.13 | 0.693 | 1.17 | 0.62 | 2.19 | 0.633 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||||
| None | 4926 (93.0) | 372 (7.0) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ‐ | ‐ | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||
| Mild | 5128 (90.9) | 514 (9.1) | 1.33 | 1.16 | 1.53 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.88 | 1.18 | 0.839 |
| Moderate | 1861 (88.8) | 234 (11.2) | 1.67 | 1.40 | 1.98 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 0.93 | 1.35 | 0.252 |
| Severe | 986 (88.8) | 124 (11.2) | 1.67 | 1.34 | 2.06 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.82 | 1.31 | 0.748 |
| ‐ | ‐ | P total | <0.001 | ‐ | ‐ | P total | 0.682 | |||
| BMI quantiles | ||||||||||
| 1st | 2571 (91.8) | 231 (8.2) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 2th | 2536 (89.9) | 284 (10.1) | 1.24 | 1.03 | 1.48 | 0.018 | 1.02 | 0.84 | 1.24 | 0.797 |
| 3rd | 2516 (89.5) | 294 (10.5) | 1.30 | 1.08 | 1.55 | 0.004 | 0.97 | 0.80 | 1.18 | 0.774 |
| 4th | 2525 (89.9) | 285 (10.1) | 1.25 | 1.04 | 1.50 | 0.014 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 1.13 | 0.477 |
| 5th | 2597 (91.8) | 231 (8.2) | 0.99 | 0.81 | 1.19 | 0.910 | 0.75 | 0.61 | 0.92 | 0.007 |
| ‐ | ‐ | P total | 0.003 | ‐ | ‐ | P total | 0.051 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DDD, drug daily dose; GIM, gastric intestinal metaplasia; OR, odds ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
a
Family history of malignant gastrointestinal tract.
b
Q1‐4: Quartiles of cumulative PPI dose in 10 years preceding index endoscopy.