TABLE 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for diagnosis of GIM with LGD
| No GIM‐LGD | GIM‐LGD | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | OR | 95% | CI | p value | Adj OR | 95% | CI | p value | |
| Total | 14,248 (99.7) | 43 (0.3) | ||||||||
| Age group, years | ||||||||||
| <50 | 3102 (100) | 1 (0.0) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 50–74 | 8020 (99.8) | 16 (0.2) | 6.18 | 0.82 | 46.6 | 0.077 | 5.28 | 0.68 | 41.02 | 0.112 |
| 75 | 3083 (99.2) | 26 (0.8) | 26.1 | 3.54 | 192.0 | 0.001 | 22.30 | 2.85 | 174.32 | 0.003 |
| P total | < 0.001 | P total | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Women | 7726 (99.7) | 23 (0.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Men | 6479 (99.7) | 20 (0.3) | 1.03 | 0.56 | 1.89 | 0.906 | 1.20 | 0.64 | 2.25 | 0.567 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Jewish | 13,757 (99.7) | 42 (0.3) | 1.36 | 0.18 | 9.96 | 0.757 | 1.55 | 0.21 | 11.66 | 0.670 |
| Arab | 448 (99.8) | 1 (0.2) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 9164 (99.7) | 31 (0.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Current/past | 5041 (99.8) | 12 (0.2) | 0.70 | 0.36 | 1.37 | 0.302 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 1.64 | 0.572 |
| Helicobacter pylori status | ||||||||||
| Negative | 10,084 (99.7) | 34 (0.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | |||||
| Positive | 4121 (99.8) | 9 (0.2) | 0.65 | 0.31 | 1.35 | 0.247 | 1.05 | 0.49 | 2.23 | 0.894 |
| Anti‐parietal cell antibodies | ||||||||||
| No | 13,995 (99.7) | 40 (0.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 210 (98.6) | 3 (1.4) | 4.98 | 1.53 | 16.28 | 0.008 | 6.76 | 2.02 | 22.6 | 0.002 |
| PPI cumulative (DDD) a | ||||||||||
| PPI‐Q1 | 3585 (99.9) | 2 (0.1) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| PPI‐Q2 | 3668 (99.8) | 6 (0.2) | 2.93 | 0.59 | 14.5 | 0.188 | 3.25 | 0.65 | 16.20 | 0.151 |
| PPI‐Q3 | 3417 (99.7) | 11 (0.3) | 5.77 | 1.28 | 26.0 | 0.023 | 5.66 | 1.24 | 25.83 | 0.025 |
| PPI‐Q4 | 3535 (88.8) | 24 (0.7) | 12.1 | 2.87 | 51.5 | 0.001 | 10.12 | 2.32 | 44.10 | 0.002 |
| P total | < 0.001 | P total | 0.004 | |||||||
| Family history b | ||||||||||
| No | 14,086 (99.7) | 42 (0.3) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Yes | 119 (99.2) | 1 (0.8) | 2.81 | 0.38 | 20.6 | 0.308 | 4.65 | 0.61 | 35.17 | 0.137 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||||
| None | 5286 (99.8) | 12 (0.2) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| Mild | 5619 (99.6) | 23 (0.4) | 1.80 | 0.90 | 3.63 | 0.098 | 0.94 | 0.46 | 1.92 | 0.855 |
| Moderate | 2088 (99.7) | 7 (0.3) | 1.48 | 0.58 | 3.76 | 0.413 | 0.54 | 0.20 | 1.43 | 0.216 |
| Severe | 1109 (99.9) | 1 (0.1) | 0.40 | 0.05 | 3.06 | 0.375 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.041 |
| P total | 0.221 | P total | 0.132 | |||||||
| BMI quantiles | ||||||||||
| 1st | 2788 (99.5) | 14 (0.5) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) | ||||
| 2th | 2814 (99.8) | 6 (0.2) | 0.42 | 0.16 | 1.10 | 0.080 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.79 | 0.015 |
| 3rd | 2797 (99.5) | 13 (0.5) | 0.92 | 0.43 | 1.97 | 0.841 | 0.58 | 0.26 | 1.25 | 0.166 |
| 4th | 2806 (99.9) | 13 (0.5) | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.86 | 0.027 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.003 |
| 5th | 2822 (99.8) | 6 (0.2) | 0.43 | 0.16 | 1.10 | 0.079 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.87 | 0.026 |
| P total | 0.061 | P total | 0.011 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DDD, drug daily dose; GIM, gastric intestinal metaplasia; LGD, low‐grade dysplasia; OR, odds ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
a
Family history of malignant gastrointestinal tract.
b
Q1–4: Quartiles of cumulative PPI dose in 10 years preceding index endoscopy.