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. 2021 Jul 6;19:291. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02935-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Heart Failure Association Pretest assessment, Echocardiography, and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final etiology (HFA-PEFF): a diagnostic procedure for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFpEF. HF heart failure, AF atrial fibrillation, CAD coronary artery disease, MetS metabolic syndrome, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SDB sleep-disordered breathing, NPs natriuretic peptides, Hb hemoglobin, HbA1C hemoglobin A1C, Scr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ALT alanine aminotransferase, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, LAE left atrial enlargement, 6MWT 6 min walk test, CPET cardiopulmonary exercise testing, TR tricuspid regurgitation, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, GLS global longitudinal strain, LAVI left atrial volume index, LVMI left ventricular mass index, RWT relative wall thickness, LV left ventricular, SR sinus rhythm, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, CT computed tomography, PET positron emission tomography, HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy, CHD congenital heart disease, VHD valvular heart disease