TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 63 patients with CD included in the study before and after propensity matched analysis
| Before IPTW | After IPTW | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azathioprine group n = 31 | Ustekinumab group n = 32 | p Value | Azathioprine group n = 31 | Ustekinumab group n = 32 | |d| | |
| Age at inclusion, (years), mean ± SD | 37.6 ± 13.8 | 36.8 ± 13.2 | 0.59 | 36.7 ± 12.5 | 37.7 ± 14.3 | 0.07 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 25 (80.6%) | 23 (71.9%) | 0.53 | 77.5% | 74.0% | 0.08 |
| Active smokers, n (%) | 13 (41.9%) | 11 (34.4%) | 0.54 | 42.2% | 38.5% | 0.07 |
| Prior bowel resection, n (%) | 14 (45.1%) | 17 (53.1%) | 0.53 | 45.5% | 49.6% | 0.08 |
| Montreal classification | ||||||
| CD location | ||||||
| L1, n (%) | 16 (51.6%) | 17 (53.1%) | 0.59 | 53.9% | 57.8% | 0.08 |
| L2, n (%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | – | 2.2% | 0.0% | 0.21 |
| L3, n (%) | 14 (45.2%) | 15 (46.9%) | – | 43.9% | 42.2% | 0.03 |
| CD behavior | ||||||
| B1, n (%) | 4 (12.9%) | 3 (9.4%) | 0.16 | 9.0% | 8.4% | 0.02 |
| B2, n (%) | 16 (51.6%) | 10 (31.2%) | – | 42.3% | 40.6% | 0.04 |
| B3, n (%) | 21 (35.5%) | 19 (59.4%) | – | 48.8% | 51.0% | 0.05 |
| Perianal lesions, n (%) | 5 (16.1%) | 8 (25.0%) | 0.38 | 16.7% | 21.0% | 0.10 |
| Mean length of ileal resection (cm), mean ± SD | 22.7 ± 18.8 | 23.7 ± 11.5 | 0.46 | 24.5 ± 18.9 | 24.0 ± 11.7 | 0.03 |
| Ileal resection length > 30 cm | 9 (29.0%) | 10 (31.2%) | 0.84 | 33.3% | 31.3% | 0.04 |
| Medications prior to surgery | ||||||
| Thiopurines, n (%) | 19 (61.3%) | 21 (65.6%) | 0.72 | 61.8% | 59.5% | 0.05 |
| Anti‐TNF agents, n (%) | 27 (87.1%) | 30 (93.7%) | 0.77 | 87.8% | 93.1% | 0.18 |
| Infliximab, n (%) | 17 (54.8%) | 23 (71.9%) | 0.16 | 57.7% | 68.8% | 0.23 |
| Adalimumab, n (%) | 24 (77.4%) | 25 (78.1%) | 0.95 | 79.9% | 74.6% | 0.12 |
| Golimumab, n (%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.14 | 7.0% | 0.0% | 0.39 |
| Ustekinumab, n (%) | 3 (9.7%) | 11 (34.4%) | 0.018 | 21.9% | 22.8% | 0.02 |
| Type of ustekinumab failure before surgery | ||||||
| Primary failure, n (%) | NA | 5/11 (45.5%) | – | – | – | – |
| Secondary loss of response, n (%) | NA | 6/11 (54.5%) | – | – | – | – |
| Maximal ustekinumab optimization | ||||||
| 90 mg every 8 weeks, n (%) | NA | 4/11 (36.4%) | – | – | – | – |
| 90 mg every 4 weeks, n (%) | NA | 7/11 (63.6%) | – | – | – | – |
| Vedolizumab, n (%) | 1 (5.6%) | 9 (28.1%) | 0.06 | 16.9% | 27.6% | 0.26 |
| Number of biologics before surgery | 0.33 | |||||
| >2 biologics | 6 (19.4%) | 13 (40.6%) | 0.07 | 29.9% | 31.4% | 0.03 |
| None, n (%) | 4 (12.9%) | 1 (3.1%) | – | – | – | – |
| 1, n (%) | 13 (41.9%) | 11 (34.4%) | – | – | – | – |
| 2, n (%) | 8 (25.8%) | 7 (21.9%) | – | – | – | – |
| 3, n (%) | 4 (12.9%) | 9 (28.1%) | – | – | – | – |
| 4, n (%) | 2 (6.5%) | 4 (12.5%) | – | – | – | – |
Note: |d| = standardized difference (difference is not significant when |d| < 0.20).
Abbreviations: CD, Crohn's disease; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; n, number; SD, standard deviation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.