Table 2.

Item Loadings from the Bifactor Model CFA Solution (MPlus) Total Sample (N = 453)

Item name	Item description	Bifactor solution
		FG λ (SE)	F1 λ (SE)	F2 λ (SE)
PSS1	In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?	0.58 (0.05)	(0.84 (0.16)
PSS2	In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?	0.75 (0.03)	(0.19 (0.06)
PSS3	In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?	0.80 (0.03)	(0.22 (0.07)
PSS4R‡	In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?	0.51 (0.04)		0.44 (0.05)
PSS5R	In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?	0.59 (0.04)		0.28 (0.05)
PSS6	In the last month, how often have you felt that you could not cope with all the things you had to do?	0.70 (0.03)	0.05 (0.06)
PSS7R	In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?	0.53 (0.04)		0.41 (0.05)
PSS8R	In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?	0.65 (0.03)		0.48 (0.05)
PSS9	In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that were outside of your control?	0.68 (0.04)	0.34 (0.09)
PSS10	In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?	0.82 (0.02)	0.13 (0.06)

^‡R in the item name indicates the reversal of the original response categories to align their direction with the rest of the items measuring perceived stress

Model fit ststistics:

Root Mean Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.044; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.996