Table 2.
Hierarchical multiple regression for the effects of COVID-19 traumatic stress scale on PTSD after entering countries of origin, gender, age, religion, education, income in the first step, and previous cumulative stressors and traumas on the last step
| B | SE | Beta | t | Sig. | VIF | R2 (change in R2) | F for change in R2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The effects of COVID-19 traumatic stress on PTSD after controlling for previous cumulative stressors and traumas occurrences (total variance accounted for the model R2 = .253) | ||||||||
| Model 1: Step one | .076 | 18.799 (<.001) | ||||||
| Country of origin | −.64 | .30 | −.07 | −2.12 | .035 | 1.44 | ||
| Gender | 1.11 | 1.19 | .03 | .93 | .353 | 1.12 | ||
| Age | −.17 | .04 | −.13 | −4.08 | .000 | 1.55 | ||
| Religion | 8.49 | 1.82 | .12 | 4.67 | .000 | 1.05 | ||
| Education | .29 | .78 | .01 | .37 | .710 | 1.02 | ||
| Income | −6.00 | 1.06 | −.15 | −5.67 | .000 | 1.01 | ||
| Model 2: Step two | .134 | 231.193 (<.001) | ||||||
| Country of origin | −.59 | .28 | −.06 | −2.11 | .035 | 1.44 | ||
| Gender | 2.04 | 1.11 | .05 | 1.85 | .065 | 1.12 | ||
| Age | −.23 | .04 | −.18 | −5.99 | .000 | 1.57 | ||
| Religion | 8.37 | 1.68 | .12 | 4.98 | .000 | 1.05 | ||
| Education | −.03 | .72 | −.00 | −.05 | .964 | 1.02 | ||
| Income | −4.41 | .90 | −.11 | −4.48 | .000 | 1.03 | ||
| Cumulative stressors and traumas | 1.11 | .07 | .37 | 15.21 | .000 | 1.04 | ||
| Model 3: Step three | .043 | 78.987 (<.001) | ||||||
| Country of origin | −.25 | .28 | −.03 | −.89 | .373 | 1.47 | ||
| Gender | 1.68 | 1.08 | .04 | 1.56 | .118 | 1.12 | ||
| Age | −.23 | .038 | −.17 | −5.94 | .000 | 1.57 | ||
| Religion | 7.27 | 1.64 | .107 | 4.44 | .000 | 1.06 | ||
| Education | .02 | .70 | .00 | .02 | .982 | 1.02 | ||
| Income | −2.94 | .97 | −.07 | −3.03 | .002 | 1.06 | ||
| Cumulative stressors and traumas | 1.00 | .07 | .34 | 13.89 | .000 | 1.07 | ||
| COVID-19 traumatic stress | .43 | .05 | .22 | 8.89 | .000 | 1.11 | ||