Figure 4.
Female db/db mice have lower renal inflammation and less immune-cell infiltration in the kidney compared with male db/db mice. (A) IL-1β, (B) TNFα, (C) IL-6, and (D) IL-17A were evaluated in kidney homogenates by ELISA. Data are expressed as dot plots. Horizontal bars represent the mean±SD (n=6 per group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 by three-way ANOVA. A single-cell suspension from kidney was analyzed by flow cytometry. (E) Total immune cells (CD45+), (F) lymphocytes (CD45+ CD3+), (G) macrophages (CD45+ F4/80+), and (H) the macrophage CD80/CD206 ratio were measured. Data are expressed as dot plots. Horizontal bars represent the average percentage of positive cells as mean±SD (n=6 per group). *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 by two-way ANOVA. N/D, not detected. SSC, side scatter.