Table 1.

Comparison of the three uEV techniques for quantification and protein characterization

Characterization	NTA	CD9/63–TR-FIA	EVQuant
Quantification	++	+	+++
Comments	Absolute number and uEV size	Only relative number of CD9/CD63+ uEVs	Absolute number
	Affected by urinary dilution, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and proteinuria		Detects most particles
	Detection threshold for smaller uEVs
uEV-protein detection	++	+	++
Comments	Can be combined with SDS and intracellular-epitope antibodies	Can be combined with SDS and intracellular-epitope antibodies	Can be combined with SDS and intracellular-epitope antibodies
		EV selection depends on isoform affinity of capture antibodies used