Figure 1.

A simplified schema depicting the potential clinical utility of clustering approach (adapted from Supplemental Figure 4 in reference 5). Analyses of year-1 biopsies without any definite nonrejection diagnosis would start with DSA assessment. DSA-negative biopsies could be subdivided as shown into “no rejection,” predominant glomerulitis, or predominant tubulo-interstitial inflammation clusters (clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Similarly, DSA-positive biopsies could be subdivided as shown into quiescent, glomerulitis predominant “mixed-borderlines,” or inflammation predominant (clusters 4, 5, and 6, respectively). The prognostic relevance of these clusters from Vaulet et al. are shown as 10-year graft survival rates. i, inflammation; g, glomerulitis; t, tubulitis; PVAN, Polyoma virus-associated nephropathy.