TABLE 4.
Co-occurring defect combinations among cases with non-syndromic gastroschisis (N = 789) with adjusted O/Ea ratio > 10, Texas Birth Defects Registry, 1999–2014b
| Defects | Adjusted O/Ea ratio | No. of co-occurring cases |
|---|---|---|
| Anomalies of pulmonary artery; congenital hiatus hernia | 134.3 | 3 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the small intestine; anomalies of intestinal fixation; other anomalies of the intestine (e.g., short colon) | 124.3 | 9 |
| Congenital hiatus hernia; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 107.4 | 6 |
| Atresia and stenosis of small intestine; other anomalies of intestine | 50.2c | 31 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the small intestine; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; other anomalies of the intestine | 49.1 | 4 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the small intestine; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 43.9 | 3 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the small intestine; atresia and stenosis of large intestine rectum and anal canal | 43.2c | 22 |
| Atresia and stenosis of small intestine; other anomalies of intestine; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 36.4 | 3 |
| Atresia and stenosis of small intestine; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 30.0c | 19 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation; other anomalies of intestine | 28.1c | 13 |
| Congenital hiatus hernia | 27.0c | 24 |
| Atresia and stenosis of small intestine | 17.8c | 146 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation; anomalies of gallbladder bile ducts and liver | 17.8 | 3 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation | 17.4c | 130 |
| Atresia and stenosis of large intestine rectum and anal canal; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 16.5c | 7 |
| Exstrophy of urinary bladder | 15.8 | 6 |
| Atresia and stenosis of large intestine rectum and anal canal; other anomalies of intestine | 15.3c | 12 |
| Other specified anomalies of esophagus | 14.9 | 3 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation; other specified anomalies of the kidney | 12.9 | 3 |
| Atresia and stenosis of small intestine; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 11.1c | 8 |
a
O/E, observed-to-expected.
b
Combinations with <3 cases were not represented.
c
Denotes defect combinations accounted for in higher-order combinations (e.g., the combination of defects A and B accounted for in the higher-order combination of defects A, B, and C).