TABLE 5.
Co-occurring defect combinations among cases with non-syndromic omphalocele (N = 404) with adjusted O/Ea ratio > 10, Texas Birth Defects Registry, 1999–2014b
| Defects | Adjusted O/Ea ratio | No. of co-occurring cases |
|---|---|---|
| Atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; disorder of sexual development; other deformities of feet (e.g., clubfoot, not otherwise specified) | 199.3c | 3 |
| Spina bifida; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; disorder of sexual development | 198.2c | 3 |
| Spina bifida; disorder of sexual development | 162.3c,d | 5 |
| Disorder of sexual development; other anomalies of the lower limb including pelvic girdle | 136.7 | 4 |
| Spina bifida; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 102.6c | 4 |
| Spina bifida; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; other deformities of feet | 98.2c | 4 |
| Microcephalus; disorder of sexual development | 92.1 | 3 |
| Atresia and stenosis of large intestine rectum and anal canal; disorder of sexual development | 75.1c | 5 |
| Spina bifida; atresia, and stenosis of large intestine rectum and anal canal | 62.3c,d | 9 |
| Craniorachischisis | 61.5 | 3 |
| Disorder of sexual development; other deformities of feet | 58.7c,d | 3 |
| Persistent omphalomesenteric duct | 58.0 | 12 |
| Obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter; anomalies of adrenal gland | 56.5c | 3 |
| Spina bifida; other specified anomalies of ureter; Varus (inward) deformities of feet | 46.3c | 3 |
| Other anomalies of the aorta; anomalies of gallbladder bile ducts and liver | 41.6 | 3 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation; renal agenesis and dysgenesis | 40.9c | 4 |
| Spina bifida; other anomalies of intestine | 29.6c | 3 |
| Microcephalus; atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal | 29.5c | 5 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; other deformities of feet | 28.8d | 7 |
| Other deformities of feet; anomalies of spine | 23.8 | 7 |
| Renal agenesis and dysgenesis; anomalies of diaphragm | 23.7 | 3 |
| Anomalies of gallbladder bile ducts and liver; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 23.0c | 3 |
| Exstrophy of urinary bladder | 20.7 | 4 |
| Other unspecified anomalies of face and neck; other deformities of feet | 20.3c,d | 3 |
| Disorder of sexual development | 19.8d | 15 |
| Other specified anomalies of the heart; anomalies of the diaphragm | 19.6 | 4 |
| Other anomalies of the lower limb including pelvic girdle; anomalies of the spine | 18.3 | 4 |
| Spina bifida; renal agenesis and dysgenesis | 17.9c | 3 |
| Anomalies of urachus | 17.4 | 8 |
| Other specified anomalies of the brain; ventricular septal defect; ostium secundum type atrial septal defect | 16.7 | 3 |
| Anomalies of great veins; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 16.1 | 3 |
| Ventricular septal defect; anomalies of diaphragm | 14.5 | 6 |
| Other specified anomalies of ureter; Varus (inward) deformities of feet | 14.4c,d | 3 |
| Other anomalies of the intestine; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 14.1 | 5 |
| Other anomalies of the aorta; anomalies of intestinal fixation | 13.1 | 3 |
| Multiple congenital anomalies | 12.7 | 5 |
| Spina bifida; anomalies of spine | 12.2c | 3 |
| Anomalies of intestinal fixation; obstructive defects of renal pelvis and ureter | 12.0 | 3 |
| Transposition of great vessels; ventricular septal defect; anomalies of pulmonary valve; other specified anomalies of the heart | 11.2 | 3 |
| Other unspecified anomalies of face and neck; ventricular septal defect | 11.1 | 4 |
| Atresia and stenosis of the large intestine rectum and anal canal; other anomalies of the intestine | 10.6 | 4 |
| Ventricular septal defect; atresia and stenosis of small intestine | 10.4 | 3 |
| Transposition of great vessels; ostium secundum type atrial septal defect; anomalies of pulmonary valve; other specified anomalies of the heart | 10.1 | 4 |
a
O/E, observed-to-expected.
b
Combinations with <3 cases were excluded.
c
After conducting a sensitivity analysis with exclusion of cases highly suggestive of OEIS or OIS, this combination was no longer among the top results.
d
Denotes defect combinations accounted for in higher-order combinations (e.g., the combination of defects A and B accounted for in the higher-order combination of defects A, B, and C).