Table 3.
The proportion of fatty acids in two study groups of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes pregnant women.
| Ta | Intervention group (n = 42) | Control group (n = 42) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) in the first trimester | 25.4a (24.4–26.2) | 26.1 (24.2–27.0) | .131 |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) in the second trimester | 26.9 (26.0–28.5) | 27.0 (25.8–28.8) | .799 |
| Palmitic acid (C16:0) in the third trimester | 28.2a (27.1–29.2) | 27.7 (26.5–29.2) | .168 |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) in the first trimester) | 8.8b (8.4–9.5) | 8.9 (8.0–9.2) | .287 |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) in the second trimester | 8.0 (7.6–8.7) | 7.8 (7.3–8.5) | .299 |
| Stearic acid (C18:0) in the third trimester | 7.3b (6.6–7.7) | 7.1 (6.5–7.8) | .970 |
| SFAs in the first trimester | 36.2 (35.5–37.5) | 37.1 (35.6–38.5) | .117 |
| SFAs in the second trimester | 37.4 (36.4–38.6) | 37.4 (35.7–39.7) | .938 |
| SFAs in the third trimester | 37.6 (36.8–38.9) | 37.4 (36.5–39.0) | .893 |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) in the forst trimester | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | .863 |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) in the second trimester | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4 | .289 |
| Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) in the third trimester | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.3 (0.5–1.5) | .204 |
| Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) in the first trimester | 16.2 (15.2–19.1) | 15.7 (14.2–18.0) | .242 |
| Oleic acid(C18:1 n-9) in the second trimester | 16.4 (15.0–17.8) | 15.9 (14.6–17.7) | .226 |
| Oleic acid(C18:1 n-9) in the third trimester | 17.8 (16.2–19–3) | 17.2 (16.6–19.2) | .996 |
| MUFA in the first trimester | 18.4 (17.2–21.6) | 17.8 (16.0–20.4) | .117 |
| MUFAs in the second trimester | 19.0 (17.3–20.6) | 17.8 (16.3–20.1) | .089 |
| MUFAs in the third trimester | 20.2 (18.5–21.7) | 20.0 (18.1–21.6) | .507 |
| α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) in the first trimester | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.7) | .805 |
| α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) in the second trimester | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.5 (0.0–0.5) | .255 |
| α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) in the third trimester | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | .152 |
| Eicosapentanoic acid in the first trimester (C20:5 n-3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.1) | .760 |
| Eicosapentanoic acid in the second trimester (C20:5 n-3) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.1) | .017 |
| Eicosapentanoic acid in the third trimester (C20:5 n-3) | 0.7 (0.6–1.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | .290 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid in the first trimester (C22:6 n-3) | 1.7c (1.3–2.1) | 1.6 (1.4–2.0) | .672 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid in the second trimester (C22:6 n-3) | 2.7 (2.2–3.4) | 2.0 (1.8–2.4) | .004 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid in the third trimester (C22:6 n-3) | 2.7c (2.2–3.3) | 1.9 (1.4–2.3) | <.001 |
| n-3 PUFA in the first trimester | 3.1d (2.5–4.1) | 3.1 (2.3–4.1) | .763 |
| n-3 PUFA in the second trimester | 4.3 (3.5–5.2) | 3.4 (2.9–3.8) | .001 |
| n-3 PUFA in the third trimester | 4.3d (3.3–5.0) | 3.1 (2.7–3.9) | <.001 |
| Linoleic acid in the first trimester(C18:2 n-6) | 29.4 (27.0–31.6) | 29.6 (28.0–32.6 | .355 |
| Linoleic acid in the second trimester (C18:2 n-6) | 27.9 (25.9–30.9) | 30.8 (27.5.32.3) | .037 |
| Linoleic acid in the third trimester(C18:2 n-6) | 27.9 (25.7–30.1) | 30.2 (28.0–31.8) | .013 |
| γ-linolenic acid in the first trimester (C18:3 n-6) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | .037 |
| γ-linolenic acid in the second trimester | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) | .001 |
| γ-linolenic acid in the third trimester (C18:3 n-6 | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.3) | .391 |
| Arachidonic acid in the first trimester (C20:4 n-6) | 8.2e (6.6–9.7) | 8.4f (7.6.5–9.3) | .301 |
| Arachidonic acid in the second trimester (C20:4 n-6) | 7.6 (6.3–8.2) | 7.8 (6.7–8.8) | .096 |
| Arachidonic acid in the third trimester (C20:4 n-6) | 6.5e (5.7–7.2) | 7.0f (6.0–8.1) | .060 |
| n-6 PUFA in the first trimester | 41.1g (37.9–42.8) | 41.5 (39.9–43.3) | .204 |
| n-6 PUFA in the second trimester | 38.2 (36.5–40.0) | 41.3 (37.6–43.1) | .013 |
| n-6 PUFA in the third trimester | 36.9g (35.3–39.0) | 39.7 (38.2–40.9) | .002 |
| AA/DHA in the first trimester | 4.8h (3.3–6.0) | 5.1 (4.1–6.7) | .214 |
| AA/DHA in the second trimester | 2.8 (2.2–3.4) | 3.8 (3.3–4.6) | <.001 |
| AA/DHA in the third trimester | 2.3h (2.0–3.0) | 3.8 (3.0–4.5) | <.001 |
| LA/AA in the first trimester | 3.5i (2.9–5.0) | 3.8j (3.2–4.0) | .764 |
| LA/AA in the second trimester | 4.0 (3.3–4.8) | 4.0 (3.3–4.5) | .731 |
| LA/AA in the third trimester | 4.3i (3.9–5.2) | 4.5j (3.6–5.3) | .792 |
LA: linoleic acid (C18:2n-6); AA: arachidonic acid (C:20:4n-6); p values in bold are significant, 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,jp<.001;Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p Statistically significant at the Bonferroni-corrected α.