Figure 5.

Physiologic verification of A1R deletion in knock-out mice: adenosine suppresses synaptic transmission in visual cortex neurons from WT, but has no effect in A1R KO mice. a, c, Time course shows individual EPSP amplitudes (gray dots) and averages over 1 min (large symbols) in two example neurons from WT (a) and A1R KO (c) animals before and during application of 20 µm adenosine (gray horizontal bars). EPSPs above the plots are averages over the periods indicated by horizontal bars of respective color above the time course. b, Changes of EPSP (or EPSC) amplitudes in adenosine in WT and A1R KO animals plotted against the amplitude of control responses before adenosine application. Blue circle symbols, data from WT mice (N = 9 inputs); blue horizontal bar at y-axis, their average; pink symbols, data from A1R KO mice; pink triangle symbols, N = 11 EPSC responses recorded in slices prepared from animals after all behavior testing; pink square symbols, additional N = 16 EPSP responses; pink horizontal bar at y-axis, average amplitude change after application of 20 µm adenosine in N = 27 inputs. No amplitude change in KO neurons (98.6 ± 1.37% of control; p > 0.1, paired t test and Wilcoxon test); suppression of responses in WT neurons (46.9 ± 2.6% of control; Wilcoxon test: V = 45, p = 0.004; t test: t = 9.35, df = 8, p < 0.001). KO versus WT animals: p < 0.001; KS test, D = 1.0; t test: t = 1854, df = 12.37. See Extended Data Figure 5-1 for details of statistical analyses.