Table 3.
Outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 versus influenza, RSV and other viruses in the adult cohort
| Outcome variable | Virus group (no. of healthcare episodes) | SARS-CoV-2 versus influenza | SARS-CoV-2 versus RSV | SARS-CoV-2 vs other viruses | ||||||
| SARS-CoV-2 (1721) | Influenza (2468) | RSV (624) | Other viruses (1508) | Unadjusted ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted ratio (95% CI)* |
Unadjusted ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted ratio (95% CI)* |
Unadjusted ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted ratio (95% CI)* |
|
| Length of stay, median (IQR)† | 6 (3–11) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–9) | 4 (2–8) |
1.53
(1.43 to 1.64) |
1.47
(1.37 to 1.58) |
1.38
(1.25 to 1.53) |
1.37
(1.22 to 1.53) |
1.35
(1.25 to 1.46) |
1.30
(1.19 to 1.41) |
| Mortality | ||||||||||
| Days 0–30, n (%)§¶ |
216 (13) | 121 (5) | 45 (7) | 76 (5) |
2.73
(2.18 to 3.41) |
4.43
(3.51 to 5.59) |
1.83
(1.33 to 2.53) |
3.81
(2.72 to 5.34) |
2.62
(2.02 to 3.40) |
3.46
(2.61 to 4.60)‡ |
| Days 0–90, n (%)§** |
235 (15) | 192 (8) | 65 (10) | 148 (10) |
2.02
(1.67 to 2.44)‡ |
3.34
(2.73 to 4.08)‡ |
1.48
(1.13 to 1.95)‡ |
3.13
(2.34 to 4.18)‡ |
1.56
(1.27 to 1.92)‡ |
2.28
(1.82 to 2.86)‡ |
| Days 31–90, n (%)§†† |
24 (2) | 71 (3) | 20 (4) | 73 (5) |
0.57
(0.36 to 0.91)‡ |
0.98 (0.60 to 1.59) |
0.50
(0.28 to 0.91) |
1.14 (0.59 to 2.19) |
0.33
(0.21 to 0.52)‡ |
0.62 (0.37 to 1.03) |
| Intensive care | ||||||||||
| ICU admission, n (%)§¶ |
294 (17) | 244 (10) | 72 (12) | 167 (11) |
1.70
(1.43 to 2.01)‡ |
1.46
(1.22 to 1.75)‡ |
1.52
(1.18 to 1.97)‡ |
1.28
(0.96 to 1.69)‡ |
1.53
(1.27 to 1.85)‡ |
1.32
(1.07 to 1.64)‡ |
| ICU length of stay, median (IQR)††† | 4 (1–11) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) |
2.17
(1.64 to 2.85) |
2.24
(1.68 to 3.00) |
2.48
(1.70 to 3.56) |
1.99
(1.32 to 3.00) |
3.22
(2.42 to 4.26) |
2.80
(2.02 to 3.87) |
| 30-day mortality in ICU-admitted cohort, n (%)§†† |
77 (26) | 47 (19) | 18 (25) | 23 (14) | 1.42 (0.98 to 2.03) |
2.40
(1.58 to 3.64) |
1.04 (0.62 to 1.74) |
2.87
(1.55 to 5.33) |
2.07
(1.30 to 3.30) |
3.75
(2.15 to 6.54) |
| Acute myocardial injury, n (%)§¶ | 253 (15) | 250 (10) | 71 (11) | 151 (10) |
1.25
(1.05 to 1.49)‡ |
1.42
(1.18 to 1.71)‡ |
1.14 (0.88 to 1.49)‡ |
1.58
(1.19 to 2.09)‡ |
1.34
(1.09 to 1.63)‡ |
1.17 (0.94 to 1.46)‡ |
|
Acute kidney injury,
n (%)§¶ |
286 (17) | 333 (14) | 82 (13) | 228 (15) | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.09) |
0.77
(0.65 to 0.91)‡ |
1.14 (0.89 to 1.46)‡ |
1.11 (0.85 to 1.45)‡ |
0.94
(0.79 to 1.11) |
0.86 (0.70 to 1.05)‡ |
|
Pulmonary embolism,
n (%)‡‡§§ |
83 (5) | 32 (1) | 8 (1) | 35 (2) |
3.93
(2.63 to 6.01) |
5.26
(3.34 to 8.28) |
3.97
(2.03 to 8.96) |
6.23
(2.82 to 13.76) |
2.14
(1.45 to 3.24) |
3.34
(2.06 to 5.40) |
|
Hospital-onset bacteraemia,
n (%)§¶ |
92 (5) | 46 (2) | 16 (3) | 52 (3) |
1.86
(1.30 to 2.65) |
1.43 (0.98 to 2.09) |
1.55 (0.91 to 2.64) |
1.27 (0.70 to 2.31)‡ |
1.14 (0.81 to 1.61) |
1.10 (0.73 to 1.64) |
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
*The regression models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, chronic cardiac disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, malignancy and immunosuppression.
†Analysed by a negative binomial regression model.
‡Violation of proportional hazards assumption (Schoenfeld individual test, p value <0.05).
§Analysed by a Cox regression model.
¶Analysis restricted to patients with a minimum of 30-day follow-up time, that is, patients admitted until 1 September 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (1692), influenza (2 468), RSV (624) and other viruses (1490).
**Analysis restricted to patients with a minimum of 90-day follow-up time, that is, patients admitted until 1 July 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (1 588), influenza (2 465), RSV (624) and other viruses (1478).
††Analysis restricted to ICU-admitted patients. SARS-CoV-2 (294), influenza (244), RSV (72) and other viruses (167).
‡‡Analysed by a logistic regression model.
§§Analysis restricted to the current healthcare episode, with only finished episodes included. SARS-CoV-2 (1719), influenza (2468), RSV (624) and other viruses (1508).
BMI, body mass index; ICU, intensive care unit; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.