Table 4.
No. of patients | BMI (kg/m2) | P for interaction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<18.5 | ≥18.5, <25 | ≥25, <30 | ≥30 | |||
CHF | 0.9671 | |||||
No | 12653 | 1.44 (1.21, 1.73) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.79) | |
Yes | 2521 | 1.15 (0.85, 1.57) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.87 (0.75, 0.99) | 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) | |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 0.1640 | |||||
No | 12477 | 1.47 (1.23, 1.76) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.79) | |
Yes | 2697 | 1.18 (0.85, 1.62) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | |
Valvular disease | 0.2122 | |||||
No | 14310 | 1.48 (1.26, 1.73) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.80) | |
Yes | 864 | 0.61 (0.33, 1.13) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.10) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.91) | |
Hypertension | 0.3760 | |||||
No | 12731 | 1.39 (1.17, 1.65) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) | |
Yes | 2443 | 1.36 (0.95, 1.95) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.96) | 0.70 (0.59, 0.82) | |
Uncomplicated diabetes | 0.4680 | |||||
No | 11712 | 1.37 (1.16, 1.62) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.84) | |
Yes | 3462 | 1.45 (0.94, 2.23) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) | 0.61 (0.52, 0.71) | |
Complicated diabetes | 0.5448 | |||||
No | 13878 | 1.34 (1.14, 1.58) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.75 (0.70, 0.81) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.78) | |
Yes | 1296 | 1.93 (1.13, 3.27) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) | |
Metastatic cancer | 0.1714 | |||||
No | 14659 | 1.40 (1.19, 1.64) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.76 (0.70, 0.82) | 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) | |
Yes | 515 | 0.87 (0.51, 1.48) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.07) | |
Coagulopathy | 0.1361 | |||||
No | 12943 | 1.38 (1.16, 1.65) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.75) | |
Yes | 2231 | 1.32 (0.95, 1.83) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | |
Renal disease | 0.1568 | |||||
No | 12242 | 1.39 (1.16, 1.67) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | |
Yes | 2932 | 1.26 (0.92, 1.72) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.78) | |
Liver disease | 0.0794 | |||||
No | 14034 | 1.40 (1.19, 1.65) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.76 (0.70, 0.82) | 0.71 (0.66, 0.77) | |
Yes | 1140 | 1.07 (0.61, 1.90) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.16) | |
Alcohol abuse | 0.1953 | |||||
No | 14258 | 1.36 (1.16, 1.59) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.75 (0.70, 0.81) | 0.71 (0.66, 0.77) | |
Yes | 916 | 1.70 (0.74, 3.95) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.38) | 1.18 (0.86, 1.63) | |
Drug abuse | 0.2702 | |||||
No | 14742 | 1.39 (1.19, 1.63) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.82) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.78) | |
Yes | 432 | 0.60 (0.14, 2.51) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.56 (0.33, 0.94) | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) | |
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 0.0775 | |||||
<85 | 7600 | 1.21 (0.95, 1.53) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.64, 0.79) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.81) | |
≥85 | 7548 | 1.52 (1.24, 1.87) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.82) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 0.0074 | |||||
<114 | 7585 | 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.86) | |
≥114 | 7551 | 1.56 (1.25, 1.95) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.70 (0.62, 0.78) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | |
DBP (mmHg) | 0.2996 | |||||
<58 | 7595 | 1.27 (1.02, 1.58) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | |
≥58 | 7540 | 1.48 (1.19, 1.84) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.70 (0.62, 0.78) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.74) | |
MBP (mmHg) | 0.0019 | |||||
<75 | 7591 | 1.27 (1.02, 1.58) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.87) | |
≥75 | 7557 | 1.49 (1.19, 1.85) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.70 (0.63, 0.78) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | |
Respiratory rate (beats/minute) | 0.0546 | |||||
<18 | 7607 | 1.41 (1.10, 1.80) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.79) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.82) | |
≥19 | 7531 | 1.32 (1.08, 1.61) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) | 0.69 (0.63, 0.76) | |
Temperature (°C) | 0.0173 | |||||
<36.8 | 7315 | 1.27 (1.04, 1.54) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.84) | 0.77 (0.70, 0.85) | |
≥36.8 | 7326 | 1.56 (1.20, 2.02) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.88) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) | |
SPO2 | 0.1292 | |||||
<98 | 7547 | 1.24 (0.98, 1.56) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.64, 0.78) | 0.63 (0.57, 0.69) | |
≥98 | 7599 | 1.54 (1.25, 1.90) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.89) | 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) | |
Anion gap (mmol/L) | 0.2197 | |||||
<13 | 7128 | 1.62 (1.28, 2.04) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.68 (0.61, 0.77) | 0.69 (0.61, 0.79) | |
≥13 | 7551 | 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.79) | |
Bicarbonate (mg/dL) | 0.0121 | |||||
<22 | 6609 | 1.20 (0.97, 1.49) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | |
≥22 | 8470 | 1.58 (1.26, 1.98) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.64, 0.79) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.74) | |
Creatinine (mEq/L) | 0.4265 | |||||
<1.0 | 6950 | 1.68 (1.32, 2.14) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.82) | 0.65 (0.56, 0.74) | |
≥1.0 | 8188 | 1.21 (0.99, 1.48) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.73) | |
BUN (mg/dL) | 0.6121 | |||||
<20 | 7467 | 1.83 (1.41, 2.36) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | 0.64 (0.56, 0.74) | |
≥20 | 7669 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.85) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.76) | |
WBC (109/L) | 0.8296 | |||||
<9.6 | 7477 | 1.35 (1.09, 1.68) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.82) | 0.74 (0.66, 0.82) | |
≥9.6 | 7587 | 1.43 (1.14, 1.79) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.77 (0.70, 0.86) | 0.71 (0.65, 0.79) | |
Hematocrit | 0.1928 | |||||
<27.8 | 7577 | 1.57 (1.26, 1.94) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) | |
≥27.8 | 7562 | 1.19 (0.95, 1.49) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.66, 0.81) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.1746 | |||||
<9.4 | 7558 | 1.51 (1.23, 1.86) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.86) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) | |
≥9.4 | 7565 | 1.21 (0.95, 1.52) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.75 (0.67, 0.83) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.77) | |
Platelet (109/L) | 0.0041 | |||||
<169 | 7599 | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.73 (0.66, 0.81) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88) | |
≥169 | 7497 | 1.41 (1.14, 1.73) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.89) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 0.0005 | |||||
<3.7 | 6825 | 1.45 (1.15, 1.84) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.88) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95) | |
≥3.7 | 8322 | 1.32 (1.07, 1.63) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) | 0.64 (0.58, 0.70) | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 0.0100 | |||||
<136 | 6723 | 1.32 (1.04, 1.67) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.88) | |
≥136 | 8422 | 1.40 (1.14, 1.72) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.79) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) | |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 0.2410 | |||||
<103 | 7245 | 1.29 (1.05, 1.59) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.78) | |
≥103 | 7857 | 1.43 (1.13, 1.81) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.75 (0.67, 0.83) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.85) | |
PT (seconds) | 0.3228 | |||||
<13.9 | 6958 | 1.41 (1.11, 1.80) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.64, 0.80) | 0.62 (0.55, 0.71) | |
≥13.9 | 7255 | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) | |
APTT (seconds) | 0.2013 | |||||
<30 | 7046 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.74) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.85) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.76) | |
≥30 | 7144 | 1.36 (1.10, 1.68) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.84) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | |
INR | 0.1598 | |||||
<1.2 | 4638 | 1.36 (1.03, 1.81) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) | 0.58 (0.49, 0.67) | |
≥1.2 | 9576 | 1.36 (1.12, 1.67) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.79 (0.73, 0.86) | 0.78 (0.72, 0.86) | |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 0.0008 | |||||
<1.4 | 4791 | 1.58 (1.19, 2.11) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.81) | 0.62 (0.53, 0.71) | |
≥1.4 | 5768 | 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 0.4116 | |||||
<132 | 7567 | 1.49 (1.22, 1.84) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.68 (0.61, 0.76) | 0.70 (0.62, 0.78) | |
≥132 | 7553 | 1.25 (0.99, 1.59) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.79) | |
SOFA score | 0.5211 | |||||
<5 | 6918 | 1.49 (1.18, 1.89) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) | 0.61 (0.54, 0.70) | |
≥5 | 8256 | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) | |
SAPSII score | 0.0768 | |||||
<37 | 7070 | 1.75 (1.30, 2.35) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.72 (0.62, 0.83) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) | |
≥37 | 8104 | 1.22 (1.02, 1.47) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.79 (0.73, 0.86) | 0.77 (0.70, 0.84) |
CHF: congestive heart failure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; WBC: white blood cell; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: international normalized ratio; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; SAPSII: simplified acute physiology score II. HRs (95 CIs) were derived from the Cox proportional hazards regression models.