Figure 1.

T-tubule (TT) remodeling in heart failure (HF) and after acute formamide (FORM) treatment. A–C: 2-dimensional confocal images of normal ventricular myocyte (NVM), HF ventricular myocyte (HFVM), and FORM ventricular myocyte (VM). D: summary of whole cell [3-dimensional (3-D)] TT density in each experimental group. *P < 0.05; n = 7 myocytes from 6 dogs (NVM), 6 myocytes from 5 failing dogs (HFVM), and 10 myocytes treated with FORM (FORM VM) from 3 dogs for the 3 groups. Data were compared using a single-tailed ANOVA with a Dunn’s test for secondary comparisons.