Table 2.

Eighteen cases of CAPS in pregnancy.

Author	Maternal age	Gestational age	CAPS features	Treatment	Maternal outcome	Fetal outcome
Khizroeva et al	n/a	28 weeks of gestation	Multiorgan failure	n/a	n/a	n/a
Hanouna et al (case 3)	26 years	25 weeks of gestation	Cardiac, renal, hepatic, cutaneous, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia	Heparin, aspirin, glucocorticoids, IVIG, plasma exchange and dialysis	n/a	Fetal death
Hanouna et al (case 6)	33 years	36 + 5 weeks of gestation on the day of the delivery	Adrenal, cutaneous, hepatic, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia	Heparin and glucocorticoids	Adrenal insufficiency	Healthy child
Hanouna et al (case 11)	32 years	17 weeks of gestation on the day of the delivery	Cutaneous, hepatic, renal, adrenal thrombocytopenia and gallbladder	Heparin, glucocorticoids, plasma exchange and dialysis	Renal insufficiency with proteinuria	Fetal death at 17 weeks
Hanouna et al (case 12)	27 years	13 weeks of gestation on the day of the delivery	Cardiac, cutaneous, hepatic, placenta and thrombocytopenia	Heparin, glucocorticoids and IVIG	n/a	Fetal death at 13 weeks
Hanouna et al (case 13)	23 years	31 weeks of gestation	Cardiac, renal, cutaneous, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia	Heparin, aspirin, glucocorticoids and plasma exchange	Sudden death at 2.5 years	Child with developmental delay
Derks et al (case 1)	32 years	n/a	Multiple infarcts in liver and placenta	Intensive medical treatment including anticoagulation	Died of massive PE	n/a
Derks et al (case 2)	27 years	n/a	Thrombocytopenia, disturbances in hepatic function and epigastric pain	Glucocorticoids	n/a	Fetal death
Derks et al (case 3)	36 years	n/a	Hepatic infarcts and petechiae	Glucocorticoids, IVIG and plasmapheresis	n/a	Healthy child
Marson et al	33 years	23 weeks of gestation	HELLP, thrombocytopenia, anemia, acalculous cholecystitis and cutaneous.	Therapeutic plasma exchange	Recovery	Intrauterine death at 23 weeks
Bendon et al	22 years	30 weeks of gestation	Placental infarctions, myocardium, renal, gastrointestinal and myometrium TMA		Death	Intrauterine fetal death
Kitchens et al	38 years	38 weeks of gestation	HELLP, portal vein, inferior vena cava, mesenteric vein thrombosis	Anticoagulation	Recovery
Wislowska et al	26 years	25 weeks of gestation	ARDs, encephalopathy, nephritis, skin ulcers	LMWH, glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide	Recovery	Miscarriage
Asherson et al	22 years	20 weeks of gestation	HELLP, ARDS, cerebral infarcts	Glucocorticoids, intravenous heparin, cyclophosphamide	Recovery	Death
Koenig et al	19 years	17 weeks of gestation	HELLP, hepatic infarctions, bone necrosis	LMWH, fresh frozen plasma	Recovery	Death
Gomez-Puerta et al (case 1)	29 years	28 weeks of gestation	HELLP, bone marrow hypoplasia, renal failure, DVT, respiratory failure, livedo reticularis	Glucocorticoids, LMWH	Death	Prematurity
Elchalal et al	37 years	16 weeks of gestation	Thrombocytopenia, bilateral pleural effusions	LMWH, IVIG, glucocorticoids	Recovery	Fetal death
Collict M et al	31 years	28 + 5 weeks of gestation	Severe PE, bilateral exudative retinal detachment, renal, acalculous cholecystitis, pulmonary and abdominal sepsis, liver, cardiac, placental infarction and multiorgan thrombosis (lung, brain, spleen)	Broad-spectrum antibiotics, glucocorticoids, LMWH, aspirin	Recovery	Healthy premature child

ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAPS, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; n/a, not available; PE, pulmonary embolism.