Table 1.
Patients’ baseline characteristics and laboratory findings by survival status (survivors vs. non-survivors).
| Survivors (n = 485) |
Non-survivors (n = 115) |
All patients (n = 600) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 272 (56.1%) | 74 (64.3%) | 346 (57.7%) | NS b |
| Female | 213 (43.9%) | 41 (35.7%) | 254 (42.3%) | ||
| Age (years) | Median [Q1, Q3] | 69.00 [58.8, 78.5] | 79.93 [70.5, 87.6] | 71.09 [60.9, 81.3] | < 0.001 a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | n (%) | 298 (61.44%) | 62 (53.91%) | 360 (60.00%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 26.84 [24.0, 30.9] | 27.46 [22.9, 31.3] | 26.90 [23.8, 31.0] | ||
| Risk factors | At least one risk factor | 409 (84.3%) | 109 (94.8%) | 518 (86.3%) | 0.002 b |
| Chronic renal disease | 28 (5.8%) | 20 (17.4%) | 48 (8.0%) | < 0.001 b | |
| Chronic liver disease | 5 (1.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 6 (1.0%) | NS b | |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 308 (63.5%) | 91 (79.1%) | 399 (66.5%) | 0.001 b | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 91 (18.8%) | 34 (29.6%) | 125 (20.8%) | 0.015 b | |
| Diabetes | 114 (23.5%) | 42 (36.5%) | 156 (26.0%) | 0.006 b | |
| Cancer | 77 (15.9%) | 32 (27.8%) | 109 (18.2%) | 0.004 b | |
| Immunodeficiency | 8 (1.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | 9 (1.5%) | NS b | |
| Pregnancy | 2 (0.4%) | - | 2 (0.3%) | NS b | |
| Symptom duration (days) | n (%) | 447 (92.16%) | 101 (87.83%) | 548 (91.33%) | < 0.001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 7.0 [10, 3] | 3.0 [7, 1] | 7.0 [9, 3] | ||
| Body temperature (°C) | n (%) | 269 (94.39%) | 64 (96.97%) | 333 (94.87%) | NSa |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 38.00 [37.1;38.6] | 38.00 [37.1;38.6] | 38.00 [37.1;38.6] | ||
| Ventilation | n (%) | 456 (94.0%) | 115 (96.0%) | 567 (94.5%) | < 0.001 b |
| Spontaneous ambient air | 302 (66.2%) | 46 (41.4%) | 348 (61.4%) | ||
| O2 | 154 (33.8%) | 65 (58.6%) | 219 (38.6%) | ||
| O2 flow (L/min) | n (%) | 154 (100.00%) | 65 (100.00%) | 219 (100.00%) | 0.002 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 4.0 [2, 9] | 8.0 [3, 15] | 5.0 [3, 9] | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | n (%) | 476 (100.00%) | 110 (97.35%) | 586 (99.49%) | 0.014 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 13.50 [12.2, 14.6] | 12.80 [11.4, 14.4] | 13.40 [12.0, 14.5] | ||
| Platelets (G/L) | n (%) | 473 (99.37%) | 110 (97.35%) | 583 (98.98%) | 0.001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 198.0 [159, 257] | 177.0 [140, 231] | 195.0 [155, 253] | ||
| Leucocytes (G/L) | n (%) | 476 (100.00%) | 110 (97.35%) | 586 (99.49%) | < 0. 001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 6.180 [4.63, 8.38] | 7.615 [5.53, 9.63] | 6.405 [4.76, 8.60] | ||
| Neutrophils (G/L) | n (%) | 472 (99.16%) | 107 (94.69%) | 579 (98.30%) | < 0. 001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 4.640 [3.25, 6.78] | 6.370 [4.23, 8.30] | 4.970 [3.32, 7.16] | ||
| Lymphocytes (G/L) | n (%) | 470 (98.74%) | 105 (92.92%) | 575 (97.62%) | < 0. 001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 0.790 [0.55, 1.09] | 0.600 [0.43, 0.85] | 0.750 [0.51, 1.06] | ||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | n (%) | 465 (97.69%) | 113 (100.00%) | 578 (98.13%) | < 0. 001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 80.0 [65, 101] | 117.0 [83, 174] | 84.0 [66, 115] | ||
| ASAT (IU/L) | n (%) | 318 (66.81%) | 72 (63.72%) | 390 (66.21%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 41.0 [28, 60] | 45.0 [30, 61] | 42.0 [28, 60] | ||
| ALAT (IU/L) | n (%) | 370 (77.73%) | 85 (75.22%) | 455 (77.25%) | 0.008 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 31.0 [19, 50] | 25.0 [17, 39] | 30.0 [19, 48] | ||
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | n (%) | 367 (77.10%) | 87 (76.99%) | 454 (77.08%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 8.20 [5.9, 11.7] | 9.00 [5.9, 13.5] | 8.30 [5.9, 11.7] | ||
| CPK (IU/L) | n (%) | 49 (10.29%) | 13 (11.50%) | 62 (10.53%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 129.0 [73, 330] | 373.0 [118, 635] | 147.0 [79, 423] | ||
| LDH (IU/L) | n (%) | 227 (47.69%) | 55 (48.67%) | 282 (47.88%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 324.0 [236, 449] | 339.0 [243, 444] | 325.5 [239, 449] | ||
| Calcium (mmol/L) | n (%) | 68 (14.29%) | 11 (9.73%) | 79 (13.41%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 2.105 [2.00, 2.18] | 2.090 [1.96, 2.16] | 2.100 [2.00, 2.18] | ||
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | n (%) | 43 (9.03%) | 4 (3.54%) | 47 (7.98%) | NS a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 0.9 [1, 1] | 1.1 [1, 1] | 0.9 [1, 1] | ||
| CRP (mg/L) | n (%) | 469 (98.53%) | 113 (100.00%) | 582 (98.81%) | < 0.001 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 73.0 [39, 123] | 96.0 [53, 189] | 75.0 [42, 135] | ||
| PCT (μg/L) | n (%) | 167 (35.08%) | 43 (38.05%) | 210 (35.65%) | 0.039 a |
| Median [Q1, Q3] | 0.200 [0.10, 0.39] | 0.300 [0.20, 0.63] | 0.230 [0.11, 0.41] |
Results are presented as N (%), median [Q1, Q3], % are calculated for non-missing values only. BMI: body mass index; ASAT: aspartate aminotransferase; ALAT: alanine aminotransferase; CPK: creatinine phosphokinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin.
a
Wilcoxon rank sum test.
b
Fisher's exact test.