Table 5.

Associations between secretory solute clearances and incident stroke (definite + probable)^{a, b, c}

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	HRd	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Pyridoxic acid	1.28	1.08–1.51	0.005*	1.17	0.96–1.42	0.1	1.17	0.94–1.46	0.2
Isovalerylglycine	1.20	1.01–1.44	0.04	1.07	0.87–1.30	0.5	1.04	0.84–1.30	0.7
Tiglylglycine	1.18	1.00–1.40	0.05	1.06	0.88–1.28	0.6	1.03	0.83–1.29	0.8
Kynurenic acid	1.15	0.93–1.42	0.2	0.99	0.78–1.26	0.9	0.93	0.69–1.24	0.6
Xanthosine	1.03	0.89–1.21	0.7	1.01	0.86–1.18	0.9	0.98	0.83–1.16	0.9
Cinnamoylglycine	1.04	0.91–1.19	0.6	1.00	0.87–1.15	0.9	0.98	0.84–1.14	0.8
Indoxyl sulfate	0.99	0.81–1.20	0.9	0.84	0.67–1.05	0.1	0.79	0.62–1.02	0.07
p-cresol sulfate	1.00	0.85–1.19	0.9	0.92	0.77–1.11	0.4	0.87	0.71–1.08	0.2
Summary score	1.20	0.94–1.54	0.2	1.01	0.76–1.35	0.9	0.94	0.66–1.33	0.7

^aResults from Cox proportional hazard regression. There were 123 incident stroke events.

^bModel 1 adjusted for age, race, and sex. Model 2 additionally adjusted for clinical sites, educational attainment, smoking status, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, and ACEi/ARB, loop diuretics, and beta-blockers. Model 3 additionally adjusted for estimated GFR.

^{c *}denotes statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons using the Hommel method.

^dHazard ratio expressed per 50% lower secretory solute clearance or per 10 units lower summary secretion score