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Schematic figure of electrochemical reaction of 4-HNE oxidation. Electrochemical reaction pathways of oxidation of 4-HNE that can take place at three positions: the aldehyde to form salt of carboxyl acid in alkaline condition and carboxylic acid in acidic condition (1). The OH group to form C = O group (2) and the double bond to form epoxides (3).
