Fig. 2. Belief in anthropogenic climate change across age and five-year birth cohorts.

Model-implied change trajectories in the level of agreement with the statement “Climate change is caused by humans” (dark line) from ages 18 to 78. The lines within each 5-year cohort represent longitudinal change in human causation belief, estimating latent intercepts (i) as well as linear (s) and quadratic (q) slopes. The estimations are based on the mean-levels of human causation belief (y-axis) across age and assessments (x-axis) with 95% confidence intervals presented as error bars around each point estimate (*p < 0.05). Due to graphical space constraints, details for the 1995–1991 cohort are not shown but are n = 3399, i = 1.72, s = −4.82*, q = −1.29*. Respondents expressed their levels of disagreement–agreement on a 7-point answer scale anchored by 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree).