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. 2021 Jun 7;5(7):e10509. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10509

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis, actin ring formation and bone resorption. (A) Photographs of TRAP‐ and phallodin‐stained osteoclasts after 8 days of culture in M‐CSF and RANKL on bone discs (TRAP, scale bars = 20 μm; phalloidin, scale bars = 50 μm). Resorption pits visualized by reflective light (resorption pits visible as darker areas) and Toluidine blue staining of bone discs after 8 days of culture in M‐CSF and RANKL (scale bars = 100 μm). (B) Number of osteoclasts and (C) pit surface per bone disc at day 8 of culture. (D) TRAP5b, (E) CTX, and (F) CTX/TRAP5b ratio in culture media collected between days 6 and 8 of culture in M‐CSF and RANKL. n = 3 culture wells/individual in B and n = 4 culture wells/individuals in C–F. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (Student's t test between patient and respective age‐ and sex‐matched control). Abbreviations: CTX, C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen; M‐CSF, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; TRAP, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase.