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. 2021 Jun 23;12:690869. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690869

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Copyright © 2021 Cai, Zhang, Wang and Gu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagrammatic sketch of macrophage reprogramming increasing the expression of PD-L1. PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; CSF1, colony-stimulating factor 1; CSF1R, CSF1 receptor; CSF2, colony-stimulating factor 2; CSF2R, CSF2 receptor; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TLRs, toll-like receptors; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex-II; mAb, monoclonal antibody; Mφ, macrophages.