Table 5.
Preclinical attempts to target astrocytes for treating AIS.
| Mechanism | Drug | Molecular targets | Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibiting Activation | Cottonseed oil | TLR | Decreased BBB disruption, infarction size, and alleviated functional disorder | (308) |
| Ginkgoaceae | (309) | |||
| Metformin | Reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit | (310) | ||
| Ligustilide | (252) | |||
| Z-Guggulsterone | (311) | |||
| MicroRNA-1906 | (253) | |||
| Kaempferol glycosides | (312) | |||
| Honokiol | Reduced BBB permeability | (313) | ||
| IL-32a | Improved functional outcome | (314) | ||
| Telmisartan | NLRP3 | Reduced GFAP positive astrocytes | (315) | |
| Sinomenine | Alleviated cerebral infarction, BBB disruption and neurological deficit | (316) | ||
| Adiponectin | (317) | |||
| Afobazole | Sigma receptor | Reduced astrocytes activation | (318) | |
| PRE-084 | Decreased infarct volume and neurological deficiency | (319) | ||
| AS605240 | PI3Kγ | Improved neurological function and reduced infarct size | (320) | |
| Oleoylethanolamide | PPARα | Improved motor function | (321) | |
| Diminishing Detrimental factors | Memantine | MMP2/9 | Reduced BBB leakage, infarct size and neurological defecit | (322) |
| Exendin-4 | GLP-1R | (323) | ||
| IGF-1 supplement | IGF-1 | Improved BBB integrity and sensory-motor performance | (324) |
TLR, Toll like receptor; BBB, blood brain barrier; IL-32a, interleukin-32a; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; PI3Kγ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; GLP-1R, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1.