Table 3.

A summary of common key properties of superior nanodelivery systems.

Properties	Characteristics	Ref.
Particle size	The diameter of nanocarriers should be preferably within the range of 10–150 nm, which is beneficial to accumulate drugs in cancer cell by EPR effect.	[145]
Surface charge	The nanocarriers with positive or slight negative charges can be easily internalized into cells.	[145,146]
Targetability	The nanocarriers surface-functionalized with peptides, proteins or antibodies displayed superior targetability to delivering nanoparticles into tumor tissue.	[142]
Biodegradability	The nanocarriers should have complete degradation in the host tissues but without leaving any toxic byproducts.	[141]
Biocompatibility	The nanocarriers and its metabolites in vivo should not induce any negative response, thereby reducing the incidence of side effects.	[147]
Biostability	Nanocarriers should have superior physical and chemical stability for long time circulation in vivo as to maximize its biological functions as delivery vehicles.	[148]
Preparation procedure	The nanocarriers should be extracted or synthesized by using safe techniques and convenient procedures.	[147,149]
Drug release manner	The nanocarriers with controlled release manner have better uptake capacity and less toxic side effects.	[150,151]