Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 after BNT162b2 vaccination
| Entire cohort |
Patients admitted due to severe disease |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 152) |
Patients with favourable outcome (n = 114) |
Patients with poor outcome (n = 38) |
p value | All patients (n = 93) | Patients with favourable outcome (n = 62) |
Patients with poor outcome (n = 35) |
p value | |
| Onset of infection (from second vaccine dose) | ||||||||
| to symptom onset, median (IQR) | 35 (21–48) (n = 125) |
36 (24–50) (n = 91) |
31.5 (20–40.25) (n = 34) |
0.09 | 34 (21–47) (n = 89) |
36 (24.5–51.5) | 31.5 (20–40) | 0.095 |
| to hospital admission, median (IQR) | 39.5 (25.5–52) | 40.5 (28–53) | 35 (22–48) | 0.19 | 40 (28–53) | 41.5 (30–59) | 34 (21–46) | 0.04 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 71.1 ± 14.3 | 70 ± 15.2 | 74.7 ± 10.5 | 0.13 | 72 ± 12 | 70.8 ± 12.6 | 74.2 ± 10.5 | 0.19 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 107 (70%) | 80 (70%) | 27 (71%) | 0.92 | 71 (73%) | 47 (76%) | 24 (69%) | 0.44 |
| LTCF residence, n (%) | 38 (25%) | 29 (25%) | 9 (24%) | 0.83 | 23 (24%) | 14 (23%) | 9 (26%) | 0.73 |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 108 (71%) | 78 (68%) | 30 (79%) | 0.22 | 72 (74%) | 44 (71%) | 28 (80%) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 73 (48%) | 56 (49%) | 17 (45%) | 0.64 | 52 (54%) | 35 (56%) | 17 (49%) | 0.45 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 47/149 (32%) | 36 (32%) | 11 (30%) | 0.78 | 31 (33%) | 19 (32%) | 12 (34%) | 0.79 |
| Chronic renal failure | 48 (32%) | 38 (34%) | 10 (26%) | 0.34 | 30 (31%) | 21 (34%) | 9 (26%) | 0.40 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 43 (28%) | 32 (28%) | 11 (29%) | 0.92 | 28 (29%) | 18 (29%) | 10 (29%) | 0.96 |
| Congestive heart failure | 41 (27%) | 28 (25%) | 13 (34%) | 0.25 | 27 (28%) | 14 (23%) | 13 (37%) | 0.12 |
| Chronic lung disease | 37 (24%) | 28 (25%) | 9 (24%) | 0.91 | 22 (23%) | 15 (24%) | 7 (20%) | 0.64 |
| Cancer | 36 (24%) | 25 (22%) | 12 (32%) | 0.23 | 31 (32%) | 21 (34%) | 10 (29%) | 0.59 |
| Dementia | 29 (19%) | 19 (17%) | 10 (26%) | 0.19 | 18 (19%) | 9 (15%) | 9 (26%) | 0.19 |
| Chronic liver disease | 7 (5%) | 6 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 0.68 | 4 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 1.0 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | ||||||||
| Any type | 60 (40%) | 42 (37%) | 18 (47%) | 0.25 | 50 (52%) | 32 (52%) | 18 (51%) | 0.99 |
| Chemotherapy or anti-metabolite | 27 (18%) | 20 (18%) | 7 (18%) | 0.90 | 23 (24%) | 16 (26%) | 7 (20%) | 0.52 |
| Corticosteroids | 29 (19%) | 21 (18%) | 8 (21%) | 0.72 | 22 (23%) | 14 (23%) | 8 (23%) | 0.98 |
| Anti-CD20 | 10 (7%) | 5 (4%) | 5 (13%) | 0.12 | 10 (10%) | 5 (8%) | 5 (14%) | 0.49 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 16 (11%) | 13 (11%) | 3 (8%) | 0.76 | 13 (13%) | 10 (16%) | 3 (9%) | 0.37 |
| Exposure leading to infection, n (%) | ||||||||
| Unknown | 95 (73%) | 68 (71%) | 27 (77%) | 0.03 | 68 (81%) | 42 (82%) | 26 (79%) | 0.23 |
| Household | 16 (12%) | 14 (14.5%) | 2 (5.5%) | 9 (11%) | 7 (14%) | 2 (6%) | ||
| Nosocomial transmission from another patient | 15 (11%) | 13 (13.5%) | 2 (5.5%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | ||
| Nosocomial transmission from a HCW | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | ||
| Other | 4 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (9%) | 4 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (9%) | ||
| Indication for admission, n (%) | ||||||||
| Severe COVID-19 | 97 (64%) | 63 (55%) | 34 (89%) | 0.00 | 97 (100%) | |||
| Non-severe COVID-19 necessitating hospital isolation | 24 (16%) | 23 (20%) | 1 (3%) | NA | ||||
| Medical condition unrelated to COVID-19 | 29 (19%) | 26 (23%) | 3 (8%) | |||||
| Late complication of COVID-19 | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0% | |||||
| Anti-Spike IgG testing | ||||||||
| Liaison, median (IQR) ∗ cutoff >15 |
9.7 (0–128.5) (n = 25) |
30.4 (0–149) (n = 21) |
1.5 (0–8) (n = 4) |
0.11 | 9.7 (0–118) | 30.4 (2.5–230) | 0 (0–7.3) | 0.06 |
| Abbot, median (IQR) ∗ cutoff >50 |
947.5 (29–13 129) (n = 44) |
1623 (46.5–15 748) (n = 32) |
644 (0–8276) (n = 12) |
0.34 | 526 (1–15 748) | 458 (14–39 485) | 595 (0–3861) | 0.38 |
| Positive serology (any assay), n/N (%) | 44/69 (64%) | 36/53 (68%) | 8/16 (50%) | 0.19 | 28/48 (58%) | 21/33 (63%) | 7/15 (47%) | 0.27 |
| Time from symptom onset to serological test (days), median (IQR) | 7 (3-10) | 6 (3-10.5) | 8 (4.2-9) | 0.43 | 8 (4-10.5) | 8 (4-11) | 8 (4-9) | 0.77 |
| First PCR done on admission | ||||||||
| Ct value, mean ± SD | 22.7 ± 5.9 N = 103 |
23.4 ± 5.8 N = 76 |
20.5 ± 5.8 N = 27 |
0.02 | 22.4 ± 5.5 N = 66 |
23.6 ± 5 N = 42 |
20.4 ± 5.7 N = 24 |
0.02 |
| Virus sequencing (n = 32), n/N (%) | ||||||||
| Wild-type | 3/45 (7%) | 1/36 (3%) | 2/9 (22%) | 0.13 | 1/26 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1/7 (14%) | 0.15 |
| B.1.1.7 | 40/45 (89%) | 33/36 (91%) | 7/9 (78%) | 23/26 (88%) | 17/19 (89%) | 6/7 (86%) | ||
| B.1.351 | 2/45 (4%) | 2/36 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2/26 (8%) | 2/19 (11%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||||||
| Oxygen | 97 (66%) | 62 (56%) | 35 (100%) | 0.00 | 89 (96%) | |||
| HFNC | 46 (32%) | 21 (19%) | 25 (71%) | 0.00 | 46 (52%) | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 20 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (53%) | 0.00 | 19 (20%) | |||
| Inotropic support | 18 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (47%) | 0.00 | 17 (18%) | |||
| Renal replacement therapy | 16 (11%) | 12 (11%) | 4 (11%) | 1.00 | 8 (8%) | |||
| Corticosteroidsa | 101 (66%) | 65 (58%) | 35 (92%) | 0.00 | 92 (95%) | |||
| Remdesivir | 35 (23%) | 25 (22%) | 10 (26%) | 0.58 | 34 (35%) | |||
| Convalescent plasma/ hyperimmune serum | 26 (17%) | 17 (15%) | 9 (24%) | 0.22 | 25 (26%) | |||
| Tocilizumab | 8 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 5 (13%) | 0.02 | 7 (7%) | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HCW, health-care worker; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; IQR, interquartile range; LTCF, long-term care facility; SD, standard deviation; NA, not applicable.
a
Corticosteroids were given for treatment of severe COVID-19, as a part of maintenance treatment for patients on chronic steroid treatment, or to treat immunological complications (e.g. vestibular neuritis).