Table 2.
Summary of the functional contents in reported EVs derived from different MSCs.
| Contents | Sources | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| VEGF | Human ADSC-EV Mice BMSC-EV |
Enhanced neovascularization via promoting VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway | (106, 107) |
| HGF | Mice BMSC-EV | Stabilized endothelial barrier function | (108) |
| Jagged1 | Human dental pulp MSC-EVs | Promoted angiogenesis | (109) |
| MFG-E8, ANGPTL1, Thrombopoietin, c-kit, SCF | Human ADSC-EV | Promoted angiogenesis | (110) |
| PDGF, EGF, FGF, NFκB signaling proteins |
Human BMSC-EV | Induced angiogenesis | (111) |
| Wnt4 | Human UCMSC-EV | Enhanced angiogenesis through promoting Wnt4/β-Catenin signaling | (112) |
| Ephrin-B2, Angptl4, PDGFC, Wnt7b, DOK2 | Pig ADSC-EV | Induced angiogenesis | (113) |
| EMMPRIN | CMPC-MSC-Exo | Promoted angiogenesis | (114) |
| IL-8, miR-21, miR-132, miR-222 |
MSC-EV | Promoted angiogenesis | (115) |
| Wnt3a, STAT3 | Human BMSC-EV | Promoted angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation, migration in vitro | (116, 117) |
| miR-125a, miR-30b | Human ADSC-EV | Promoted angiogenesis via inhibiting DLL4-Notch signaling pathway | (102, 118) |
| miR-210 | Mice BMSC-EV | Improved angiogenesis, limited fibrosis in ischemic hearts | (119) |
| miR-130a | Rat BMSC-EV | Promoted angiogenesis | (120) |
| miR-21 | Rat AFMSC-EV | Improved ovarian function | (46) |
| miR-210 | MSC-EV Mice BMSC-EV |
Promoting angiogenesis through VEGF pathway, ameliorating inflammation via miR-210/serpine1 axis | (119, 121) |
| TGF-β | endMSC-EV | Counteracted CD4+ T cells activation, | (122, 123) |
| Dog WJMSC-EV | Matrix remodeling | ||
| Let7b | Human UCMSC-EV | Phenotypic conversion of M1 to M2, inhibited pro-fibrotic genes (collagen IVα1, TGF-β1/TGF-βR1) | (124, 125) |
| CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL16, DEFA1, HERC5, and IFITM2 |
MSC-EV | Recruited immune cells to proximity of MSC-EVs | (126) |
| miR-147 | Human UCMSC-EV | Suppressed M1 | (127) |
| miR-182 | Mouse BMSC-EV | Induced M2 polarization via targeting TLR4. | (128) |
| miR-223, miR-146b, miR-126, and miR-199a | Human ADSC-EV | Induced M2 polarization | (129) |
| miR-216a-5p | Human BMSC-EV | Induced M2 polarization | (130) |
| TSG-6 | Human UCMSC-EV | Anti-inflammation | (131) |
| KGF | Human BMSC-EV | Alleviated inflammation, induced M2 polarization | (132) |
| IL-10 | Human BMSC-EV | Anti-inflammation | (133) |
| miR-146a-5p, miR-548e-5p |
Human AFMSC-EV | Anti-inflammation in human trophoblast cells | (134) |
| miR-29 | MSC-EV | Attenuating renal fibrosis and EMT via targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, downregulating TGF-β pathway, or suppressing snail expression | (121) |
| miR-145 | MSC-EV | Attenuating EMT via inhibiting TGF-β/smad signaling or suppressing ZEB2 | (121) |
| MMP19, ACVR1 | Pig ADSC-EV | Matrix remodeling | (113) |
| MFG-E8 | Human BMSC-EV | Attenuated renal fibrosis partly via inhibiting RhoA/ROCK pathway | (135) |
| miR-340 | Rat BMSC-EV | Attenuating endometrial fibrosis | (42) |
| Catalase | Human WJMSC-EV | Decreased ROS level | (136) |
| miR-320a | Human AMSC-EV | Decreasing ROS level | (44) |
| miR-17-5p | Human UCMSC-EV | Decreasing ROS level, improved ovarian function |
(36) |
| miR-144-5p | Rat BMSC-EV | Improved ovarian function | (40) |
| miR-323-3p | Human ADSC-EV | Anti-apoptosis of CCs | (21) |
| miR-644-5p | Mice BMSC-EV | Anti-apoptosis of GCs | (41) |
| miR-10a | Mice AFMSC-EV | Anti-apoptosis of GCs, Improved ovarian function |
(45) |
| miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p |
Human UCMSC-EV | Improved ovarian function in aged mice | (135) |
VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; HGF, Hepatocyte Growth Factor; MFG-E8, Milk fat globule EGF factor VIII; ANGPTL, Angiopoietin-related protein; SCF, Stem cell factor; PDGF, Platelet derived growth factor; EGF, Epidermal growth factor; FGF, Fibroblast growth factor; NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappa B; DOK2, Docking protein 2; EMMPRIN, Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer; IL-8, Interleukin-8; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; DEFA, Alpha defensin; HERC5, HECT and RCC1 domain protein 5; IFITM2, Interferon inducible transmembrane protein 2; TSG-6, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6; KGF, Keratinocyte growth factor; MMP-19, Matrix metalloproteinase-19; ACVR1, Activin receptor type-1; WJMSC, Wharton’s Jelly MSC; CMPC, Cardiomyocyte Progenitor Cells.