Table 2.
Clinicopathological features of adenomatoid tumors of the adrenal gland.
| NO. | Author and citation | Age-gender-side | Greatest dimension (cm) | Clinical Findings and symptoms | Gross | Histologic patterns | Extension | Lymphocytes infiltrate/aggregate | Signet-ring-like cells | Positive IHC staining | Negative IHC staining | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Evans et al. (3) | 36-M-L | 11.0 | IRF (painless gross hematuria) | Solid-cystic | Papillary, glandular, cystic | No | Not stated | Yes | Not stated | Not stated | 8 months |
| 2 | Travis et al. (4) | 24-M-L | 1.1 | IRF (Cushing syndrome) | Solid-cystic | Cystic | Cortex and periadrenal adipose tissue | Not stated | Not stated | AE1/AE3, vimentin, EMA (weakly positive) | Not stated | 6 months (died of pulmonary carcinoid) |
| 3 | Simpson (5) | 44-M-L | 3.2 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid-cystic | Adenoid, angiomatoid, cystic, solid | Cortex, medulla and periadrenal adipose | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CK7, vimentin, CK5/6 (weak and focal) | CD15, CD31, CD34, CK20, MOC31, CEA-P | 177 months |
| 4 | Raaf et al. (6) | 49-M-R | 1.3 | IFA | Solid | Classic | No | Not available | Not available | MAK-6, AE1/AE3, vimentin | Not stated | Found at autopsy |
| 5 | Raaf et al. (6) | 57-M-L | 3.8 | IFA | Solid | Classic | No | Not available | Not available | MAK-6, AE1/AE3, vimentin | Not stated | Found at autopsy |
| 6 | Raaf et al. (6) | 50-F-R | 0.5 | IFA | Solid | Classic | No | Not available | Not available | Not stated | Not stated | Found at autopsy |
| 7 | Raaf et al. (6) | 40-M-L | 6.0 | IRF (CT scan during sarcoma staging) | Cystic | Cystic | No | Not available | Not available | MAK-6, AE1/AE3, vimentin | Not stated | Not stated |
| 8 | Angeles-Angeles et al. (7) | 34-M-R | 3.0 | IFA (AIDS) | Solid | Round, oval, irregular, or tubular spaces, papillary | Cortex/medulla | Not stated | Not stated | Low molecular weight cytokeratin CKAE-3, vimentin (weak reaction) | CD34, FVIII | Found at autopsy (died of acute bilateral pneumonia) |
| 9 | Gasque et al. (8) | 28-M-R | 9.0 | IRF (acute cholecystitis) | Solid-cystic | Adenoid, cystic | No | Yes | Not stated | CAM 5.2 | Neuroendocrine markers | 16 months |
| 10 | Glatz et al. (9) | 54-M-L | 6.5 | IRF (pneumonia) | Solid-cystic | Papillae, tubular spaces and gland-like, solid | Cortex | Yes | Yes | Cam5.2, Lu-5, calretinin thrombomodulin(weakly) | CEA, MOC-31, BerEP4, CD34 | Not stated |
| 11 | Isotalo et al. (10) | 37-M-L | 3.1 | IFS (rectal adenocarcinoma) | Solid-cystic | Adenoid, angiomatoid, cystic, solid | Cortex, medulla and periadrenal adipose | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CK7, vimentin, CK5/6 (weak and focal) | CD15, CD31, CD34, CK20, MOC31, CEA-P | 40 months |
| 12 | Isotalo et al. (10) | 31-M-R | 3.2 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | Adenoid, angiomatoid, solid | Cortex/medulla | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CK7, vimentin, CK5/6 (weak and focal) | CD15, CD31, CD34, CK20, MOC31, CEA-P | Not stated |
| 13 | Isotalo et al. (10) | 31-M- Not stated | 3.5 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid | Adenoid, angiomatoid, solid | Cortex | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CK7, vimentin, CK5/6 (weak and focal) | CD15, CD31, CD34, CK20, MOC31, CEA-P | 50 months |
| 14 | Isotalo et al. (10) | 64-M-L | 1.2 | IFA | Solid | Adenoid, angiomatoid, cystic | Cortex, medulla and periadrenal adipose | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, CK7, vimentin, CK5/6 (weak and focal) | CD15, CD31, CD34, CK20, MOC31, CEA-P | Found at autopsy |
| 15 | Chung-Park et al. (11) | 51-M-R | 3.0 | IRF (hypertension of primary aldosteronism) | Solid | Anastomosing glands and cleft-like spaces, multiple microcysts and canalicular spaces | Cortex | Yes | Yes | Cytokeratin, calretinin | Syn, CgA, factor VIII, CD34, S-100 | Not stated |
| 16 | Kim et al. (12) | 33-M-L | 1.7 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid | Variably sized cystic spaces | Adrenal parenchyma | Not stated | Yes | Cytokeratin, calretinin | CD34 | Not stated |
| 17 | Denicol et al. (13) | 42-M-L | 19.0 | IRF (renal lithiasis, hypertension) | Solid-cystic | Small tubules, cysts or string-shaped | No | Not stated | Not stated | AE1/AE3, vimentin | CEA, CD31 | 3 years |
| 18 | Garg et al. (14) | 46-M-L | Microscopical | IRF (central and right flank abdominal pain) | Cystic | Anastomosing glands and tubules | No | Yes | Yes | Calretinin, CK5/6 | HMB45, myeloperoxidase | Not stated |
| 19 | Garg et al. (14) | 33-M-L | 1.7 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid | Anastomosing glands and tubules | No | Yes | Yes | Calretinin, CK5/6 | HMB45, CD34, myeloperoxidase | Not stated |
| 20 | Garg et al. (14) | 33-M-R | 4.2 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | Anastomosing glands and tubules | No | Yes | Yes | Calretinin | HMB45, CD34, myeloperoxidase | 1 year |
| 21 | Varkarakis et al. (15) | 54-M-R | 3.6 | IRF (renal lithiasis) | Solid | Sheets, tubules (with heterotopic ossification) | Cortex | Not stated | Not stated | Calretinin | Not stated | 1 year |
| 22 | Hamamatsu et al. (16) | 30-M-L | 3.0 | IFA | Solid | Anastomosing glands and various sized tubules | Cortex | Yes | No | Calretinin, D2-40, WT1, MC, CA125, vimentin, thrombomodulin, AE1/AE3, OV-TL 12/30, CAM5.2, MNF116 | CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, CD56 ER, AR | Found at autopsy (acute coronary thrombosis) |
| 23 | Fan et al. (17) | 42-M-L | 2.5 | IRF (hypertension, left renal cyst and nephrolithiasis) | Solid | Anastomosing, variably sized tubules, channels and small cystic | Cortex/medulla | Not stated | Yes | CK7, calretinin, EMA, antimesothelial cell antibody, vimentin | CEA, CD34, CD105, F8, VEGFR3 | Not stated |
| 24 | Timonera et al. (18) | 47-M-R | 7.0 | IRF (diverticulitis) | Solid | Anastomosing tubules and cystic spaces | Cortex | Yes | Not stated | D2-40, calretinin, CK5/6(weak reactivity) | Not stated | Not stated |
| 25 | Timonera et al. (18) | 52-M-R | 5.5 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid-cystic | Anastomosing tubules and cystic spaces | Cortex | Yes | Not stated | D2-40 and calretinin, CK5/6(weak reactivity) | Not stated | Not stated |
| 26 | Hoffmann et al. (19) | 26-M-R | 15.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Cystic | Glandular formations | No | Not stated | Not stated | Cytokeratin, calretinin | CD31, CD34, CD56 | Not stated |
| 27 | Bisceglia et al. (20) | 39-M-R | 5.5 | IRF (asymptomatic, cancer of the left colon 4 years ago) | Cystic | Variably sized, anastomosing tubules, channels, and small cystic spaces | Cortex/medulla | Yes | Yes | Pan keratins, CK5/6, calretinin | CD34, FVIII-RAg, CD31 | Not stated |
| 28 | Chaudhry et al. (21) | 60-M-R | 11.0 | IRF (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and impaired fasting glucose) | Solid-cystic | Large cysts, fenestrated channels, and anastomosing tubules | No | Not stated | No | Calretinin, WT-1, pan-epithelial markers | Factor VIII, CD31, CD34 | Not stated |
| 29 | Białas et al. (22) | 29-M-R | 4.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | Gland-like spaces and focal cystic dilation and solid nests | Cortex | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CK7, calretinin, D2-40, vimentin, CK5/6(focal) | CD31, CD34, Factor VIII, CK20 | Not stated |
| 30 | El-Daly et al. (23) | 51-M-L | Not stated | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid-cystic | Variably sized tubules and fenestrated channels | Cortex, capsule and periadrenal fat | Yes | Not stated | Calretinin, Cam5.2, CK7, vimentin, EMA (focally) | ER, CD31, CD34, Factor 8, CgA, Syn, S100, inhibin | Not stated |
| 31 | Liu et al. (24) | 44-M-L | 17.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Cystic | Glandular and nest-like formations | No | Not stated | Not stated | Calretinin, EMA | CD34, CD56, HMB45 | 3 months |
| 32 | Phitayakorn et al. (25) | 22-M-R | 2.5 | IRF (HIV infection) | Solid | Nests, cords, and tubules | enwrapped the ipsilateral renal artery and vein | Not stated | Yes | Calretinin, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2 | CD31, CD34, Factor VIII | 7 months |
| 33 | Limbach et al. (26) | 24-M-L | 3.6 | IRF (asymptomatic, SDHD mutation) | Solid | Anastomosing tubules and channels | Cortex/medulla, adrenal capsule and periadrenal fat | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, calretinin, WT-1, S100(focally) | Syn, CgA, CD31, CD34 | 6 months |
| 34 | Li et al. (27) | 32-M-L | 4.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | Cystic and sinusoid-like channels | Adjacent adrenal tissues | Yes | Yes | CK5/6, calretinin, D2-40, MC, vimentin, EMA (focally) | CgA, NSE, CD10 | 2.5 years |
| 35 | Zhao et al. (28) | 62-M-R | 3.0 | IRF (hypertension) | Solid-cystic | Tubules, fenestrated channels, and small cystic spaces | Cortex, adrenal capsule and periadrenal adipose tissue | Yes | Not stated | AE1/AE3, CK5/6, calretinin,vimentin | CD31, CD34, FVIII, CEA, SMA, HMB45, Melan-A, S100 | 8 months |
| 36 | Sağlıcan et al. (29) | 40-M-R | 5.5 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid-cystic | Papillary, microcysts and tubules | Cortex | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, calretinin | CD34, CD31 | 1 year |
| 37 | Krstevska et al. (30) | 30-F-R | 8.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Cystic | Cystic spaces | No | Yes | Not stated | Vimentin, S100, MCA mesothelial Ag, CD 69 | Actin, CK7, CD3 | 4 years |
| 38 | Jiang et al. (31) | 26-M-R | 4.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | Variably sized tubules and fenestrated channels | No | Not stated | Yes | CK5/6, calretinin, WT-1, D2-40, vimentin | CD34, CgA, Syn, S100 | Not stated |
| 39 | Dietz et al. (32) | 28-M-R | 4.8 | IRF (chronic abdominal pain) | Solid | Tubular, pseudoangiomatous | No | Yes | Yes | CK7, D2-40, BAP1, calretinin | Not stated | Not stated |
| 40 | our case | 30-M-R | 3.5 | IRF (palpitation and dizziness) | Solid | angiomatoid, cystic and solid | Cortex/medulla | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, calretinin, D2-40, HBME-1 (focal) | HMB45, Melan-A, Desmin, Actin, S100 | 21 months |
| 41 | our case | 31-M-L | 8.0 | IRF (asymptomatic) | Solid | angiomatoid, cystic and solid | Cortex/medulla | Yes | Yes | AE1/AE3, CK7, calretinin, D2-40, WT-1 | HMB45, Melan-A, Desmin, S100, Syn, CgA, CD31, CD34 | 8 months |
M, male; F, female, R, right adrenal gland; L, left adrenal gland; IRF, incidental radiographic finding; IFA, incidental finding during autopsy; IFS, incidental finding during surgery for unrelated reasons; Syn, synaptophysin; CgA, chromogranin, CK5/6, cytokeratin 5/6.