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Neoadjuvant therapies in the current literature. (Categories are not mutually exclusive. Some trials evaluated more than one neoadjuvant therapy). DTS, direct-to-surgery; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; FOLFOX, folinic acid + 5-fluorouracil + oxaliplatin; FOLFOXIRI, FOLFOX + irinotecan; mFOLFIRI: 5-fluorouracil + irinotecan; XELOX, capecitabine + oxaliplatin; XELOXIRI, XELOX + irinotecan; XELIRI, capecitabine + irinotecan; NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NAR, neoadjuvant radiotherapy.
