Table 2. Frequencies Within Each Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOSE) Domain for Severe and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Groups at 2 Weeks and 3, 6, and 12 Months Postinjury.
| GOSE domain severity in unweighted analyses | No. (%)a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 wk | 3 mo | 6 mo | 12 mo | |||||
| Severe (n = 290) | Moderate (n = 93) | Severe (n = 278) | Moderate (n = 84) | Severe (n = 282) | Moderate (n = 75) | Severe (n = 271) | Moderate (n = 72) | |
| Vegetative state and death | ||||||||
| Vegetative state | 68 (23.4) | 11 (12) | 10 (3.6) | 0 | 4 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Died | 60 (20.7) | 4 (4) | 73 (26.3) | 9 (11) | 78 (27.7) | 9 (12) | 83 (30.6) | 9 (13) |
| Independence in the home | ||||||||
| No assistance | 31 (10.7) | 36 (39) | 115 (41.4) | 55 (65) | 139 (49.3) | 51 (68) | 137 (50.6) | 50 (69) |
| Infrequent assistance | 5 (1.7) | 2 (2) | 9 (3.2) | 3 (4) | 6 (2.1) | 2 (3) | 5 (1.8) | 4 (6) |
| Frequent assistance | 126 (43.4) | 40 (43) | 71 (25.5) | 17 (20) | 55 (19.5) | 13 (17) | 45 (16.6) | 9 (13) |
| Independence in shopping | ||||||||
| No assistance | 33 (11.4) | 36 (39) | 115 (41.4) | 54 (64) | 140 (49.6) | 48 (64) | 135 (49.8) | 47 (65) |
| Assistance | 128 (44.3) | 42 (45) | 80 (28.8) | 21 (25) | 60 (21.3) | 18 (24) | 52 (19.2) | 16 (22) |
| Independence in traveling | ||||||||
| No assistance | 33 (11.4) | 34 (37) | 110 (39.6) | 54 (64) | 139 (49.3) | 47 (63) | 133 (49.1) | 46 (64) |
| Assistance | 128 (44.1) | 44 (47) | 85 (30.6) | 21 (25) | 61 (21.6) | 19 (25) | 54 (19.9) | 17 (24) |
| Workb | ||||||||
| No deficit | 2 (1.0) | 8 (10) | 25 (11.8) | 21 (29) | 57 (26.9) | 23 (37) | 70 (34.0) | 30 (49) |
| Reduced capacity | 3 (1.4) | 4 (5) | 25 (11.8) | 12 (17) | 26 (12.3) | 12 (19) | 20 (9.7) | 7 (11) |
| Limited or unable to work | 133 (63.3) | 55 (70) | 125 (59.2) | 34 (47) | 94 (44.3) | 22 (35) | 79 (38.3) | 19 (31) |
| Social and leisure functioning | ||||||||
| No deficit | 11 (3.8) | 16 (17) | 56 (20.1) | 34 (40) | 92 (32.6) | 34 (45) | 98 (36.2) | 34 (47) |
| A bit less | 9 (3.1) | 7 (8) | 23 (8.3) | 10 (12) | 24 (8.5) | 6 (8) | 28 (10.3) | 9 (13) |
| Much less | 17 (5.9) | 11 (12) | 51 (18.3) | 15 (18) | 38 (13.5) | 15 (20) | 27 (10.0) | 13 (18) |
| Unable | 124 (42.9) | 43 (47) | 65 (23.4) | 16 (19) | 46 (16.3) | 11 (15) | 34 (12.5) | 7 (10) |
| Psychological or interpersonal problems | ||||||||
| No disruption | 101 (34.9) | 38 (41) | 122 (43.9) | 47 (56) | 114 (40.4) | 34 (45) | 109 (40.2) | 35 (49) |
| Occasional | 6 (2.1) | 4 (4) | 16 (5.8) | 5 (6) | 25 (8.9) | 6 (8) | 13 (4.8) | 7 (10) |
| Frequent | 16 (5.5) | 14 (15) | 37 (13.3) | 13 (15) | 40 (14.2) | 18 (24) | 43 (15.9) | 15 (21) |
| Constant | 38 (13.1) | 21 (23) | 20 (7.2) | 10 (12) | 21 (7.4) | 8 (11) | 22 (8.1) | 6 (8) |
| Other disabling symptoms | ||||||||
| No impact | 38 (13.1) | 12 (13) | 49 (17.6) | 14 (17) | 52 (18.4) | 15 (20) | 53 (19.6) | 18 (25) |
| Some impact | 123 (42.6) | 66 (71) | 146 (52.5) | 60 (72) | 148 (52.5) | 51 (68) | 134 (49.4) | 45 (63) |
a
Percentages within each domain sum to 100% after adding percentages of individuals in vegetative state and death categories for the group at each time, with the exception of the work domain, which excludes those who did not work preinjury.
b
Work among those who worked preinjury; denominators for these calculations were 210 for those with severe injury at 2 weeks, 79 for those with moderate injury at 2 weeks, 211 for those with severe injury at 3 months, 72 for those with moderate injury at 3 months, 212 for those with severe injury at 6 months, 62 for those with moderate injury at 6 months, 206 for those with severe injury at 1 year, and 7 for those with moderate injury at 1 year.