Summary of electrolyte engineering for constructing nitrided interfaces on Li metal electrodes.

Electrolyte	N-Containing precursor	N-Containing SEI components	Current density (mA cm−2)	Capacity (mA h cm−2)	Lifespan (cycles)	Coulombic efficiency (%)	Ref.
0.38 M LiTFSI + 0.31 M LiNO3 + 0.23 M Li2S6 in DOL	LiNO3	Li3N and LiNxOy	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	87
0.5 M LiCF3SO3 + 0.4 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N	N/A	N/A	100	90	84
0.1 M LiNO3 + 0.1 M Li2S6 in DOL/DME	LiNO3	Li3N and LiNxOy	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	85
0.5 M LiNO3 in DOL/DME	LiNO3	Li3N, LiNxOy and Li2N2O2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	110
1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME + 0.18 M Li2S8 + 5 wt% LiNO3	LiNO3	N–S groups	2	1	400	99.1	111
2.3 M LiFSI in DME + 20 mM CuF2 and 20 mM LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and LiNxOy	1	1	500	99.5	112
1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC with 2 v% VC + 0.1 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N	N/A	N/A	100	∼98	90
1 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC with 0.2 wt% CuF2 and 1 wt% LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N	0.5	0.5	20	98.1	91
1 M LiPF6 in FEC/DMC/DME with 1.1 wt% LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and LiNxOy	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	103
1 M LiTFSI in TEP/VC + 5% LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and N–S groups	N/A	N/A	N/A	97.3	95
1 M LiDFOB in TEP/EC with 0.2 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N	N/A	N/A	100	∼95	113
1 M LiPF6 in FEC/EMC with 1 wt% TPFPB and 3 wt% LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N	1	1	300	98.5	105
1 M LiPF6 in FEC/EMC with 0.5 wt% Sn(OTf)2 and 5 wt% LiNO3	LiNO3	LiNxOy	1	3	150	98.14	35
1 M LiPF6 EC/DEC with 10 mM In(OTf)3 and 0.5 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and LiNxOy	1	4	100	98.2	92
1 M LiFSI in FEC/GBL with 0.3 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and N–S groups	0.5	1	200	98.8	89
3.25 M LiTFSI in SL with 0.1 M LiNO3	LiNO3	Li3N and N–S groups	0.5	1	100	98.5	93
0.8 M LiPF6 FEC/DMC with a 5 wt% additive of 4 M LiNO3/DMSO	LiNO3	LiNxOy	1	1	100	99.42	94
1 M LiPF6 EC/DEC with a 50 mg mL−1 LiNO3–MOF composite	LiNO3-MOF	Li3N and LiNxOy	0.5	0.5	20	98.8	97
0.8 M LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB + 0.05 M LiPF6 with 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2 in EMC/FEC	Mg(NO3)2	LiNxOy and N–S groups	2	2	100	∼94	96
1 M LiPF6 EC/DEC with a 5 M nitro-C60 derivative	Nitro-C60	Li3N and LiNxOy	0.1	0.5	150	∼92	98
1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME with 1 wt% LiNO3 and ∼10 wt% TiN	Mainly TiN	TiN and N–H groups	1	1	270	97.19	114
1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME with 2% nitrocellulose	Nitrocellulose	Li3N and LiNxOy	1	1	150	92	99
1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME with 1 wt% LiNO3 with 0.5 mg mL−1 AlN	AlN	N/A	2	1	170	94.68	115
2 M LiTFSI in Py13TFSI/DOL/DME	Py13TFSI	Li3N and N+(Py13)	1	3	50	99.1	100
1 M LiTFSI in DOL/DME with 1 M Pyr1(4) FSI	Pyr1(4) FSI	Li3N and N+(Pyr1(4))	1	1	50	97.7	102
1 M LiTNFSI in DOL/PI13FASI	LiTNFSI and PI13FASI	Li3N and N+(PI13)	0.5	N/A	300	98.7	101
1 M LiTFSI in FDMA/FEC	FDMA	Li3N	0.5	1	100	∼99.3	107