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. 2021 Jul 6;9(7):e002666. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002666

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Induction of apoptosis via photothermal effect of FimH-containing thermally responsive nanoparticles (F-TRH). (A) Photothermal heating curves for F-TRHs. The temperature changes in F-TRH for the different concentrations were measured during NIR laser irradiation. (B) Photothermal heating images of various concentrations of HNP, TRH, and F-TRH (2 W/cm², 5 min). (C, D) CT-26 cells were treated with PBS, FimH, HNP, TRH, F-TRH, and NIR laser irradiation at 2 W/cm² for 5 min. (C) Apoptotic cell death of the CT-26 cells was analyzed 24 hours after NIR laser irradiation, using Annexin V/DAPI staining. (D) The mean percentage of the apoptotic cells is shown. **p<0.01. The data are representative of the average for six independent samples (two samples for each condition per three repeated experiments).