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. 2021 Jul 6;6(1):e000649. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000649

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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(A) Prevalence of ocular symptoms stratified according to anxiety and depression in patients with IED. (B) Rates of anxiety in subgroups and total cohort by frequency of eye drops. (C) Rates of depression in subgroups and total cohort by frequency of eye drops. In (A), the OSDI was found to differ significantly between the four anxiety/depression categories (Kruskal-Wallis test: p<0.001). Post hoc analysis found that the patients with both anxiety and depression had significantly higher OSDI scores than those with neither (p<0.001), or with depression alone (p=0.003). *Anxiety/depression is defined as HADS≥11. OSD, ocular surface disease; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: PRN, as required.