Fig. 3.

Effects of normal vs defective cilia on the CSF cycle (1). In normal cilia, the amount of CSF production, circulation, and reabsorption remain balanced. In balanced CSF equilibrium the brain is found in a healthy condition (2). In defective cilia, ciliary motility is severely impaired and leads to disturbed CSF circulation and equilibrium. The disturbed CSF circulation promotes ventriculomegaly and further hydrocephalus