Table 1.

Gut microbiota differences in obese human and rodent cohorts, preoperative bariatric dietary cohort, post-bariatric surgery human and rodent cohorts, post-allogenic FMT cohort

Cohort	Microbiota Findings
Obese cohort [10, 11, 22, 29–32]	↓ Rikenellaceae and Christensenellaceae ↓ Bifidobacterium, Oscillospira and Akkermansia
Obese cohort [33]	↓ Alistipes finegoldii and Alistipes senegalensis
Obese cohort [34]	Alistipes = marker of persistent weight loss success
Obese cohort [11, 35]	↓ Faecali prausnitzii
Obese cohort [21, 32, 36]	Weight loss ↑ Faecali prausnitzii, Akkermansia and Christensenellaceae
Obese cohort [37]	↑ Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Alcaligenaceae
Elevated BMI [38, 39]	↑ Roseburia
Obese cohort [40]	↑ Eubacterium dolichum
Obese cohort [37]	↑ H2-producing bacteria; (Prevotellaceae, certain groups within the Firmicutes and Archaea)
Obese cohort [11, 26]	↑ gram-negative microbes ↑ Fusobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas and Campylobacter
Obese children and overweight women [30, 41]	↑ Staphylococcus aureus
Obese cohort on preoperative diet [42]	↓ Streptococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae ↑ Rikenellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae
Post-bariatric surgery [37, 42, 43]	↑ Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) ↓ Firmicutes (Clostridium difficile, Clostridium hiranonis, and Gemella sanguinis) ↓ methanogens
Post-bariatric surgery [43, 44]	↑ Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas
Six months post-bariatric surgery [42]	↑ Streptococcaceae and Veillonellaceae ↓ Bifidobacteriaceae
Rodent model – post bariatric surgery [45]	↑ Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria ↑ Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Escherichia
Rodent model – post bariatric surgery [46]	↑ Proteobacteria (Enterobacter hormaechei) ↓ Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes
Allogenic FMT recipients [47]	↑ Roseburia intestinalis