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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2020 May 4;39(18):2423–2436. doi: 10.1002/sim.8546

Figure 2: Diagram of Two-Step procedure (TS).

Figure 2:

In the first step, we select sets of biomarkers that are potentially associated with the both the exposure and outcome. In the second step, we test individual biomarkers to identify mediators.