Table 1 –
Clinical characteristics across participant categories based on measured SBP.
| Always SBP <130 mmHg (n=1,531) |
SBP ≧130 mmHg at ≥1 study visit (total n=3,047) |
P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | Without BP medication (n=647) | With BP medication (n=884) | Low cum BP (n=1016) [100-124 mmHg] | Borderline cum BP (n=1016) [125-133 mmHg] | High cum BP (n=1015) [134-183 mmHg] | Trend | Adj* |
| Time-ave cum SBP, mmHg | 109 ± 7 | 113 ± 6 | 119 ± 4 | 128 ± 2 | 142 ± 8 | < 0.001 | - |
| Time over V1-5, year | 23.6 ± 0.9 | 23.7 ± 1.0 | 23.7 ± 1.0 | 23.7 ± 1 | 23.7 ± 1 | 0.02 | 0.4 |
| Demographic at V5 | |||||||
| Age, year, mean | 74.1 ± 4.8 | 74.6 ± 4.9 | 75.0 ± 4.9 | 76 ± 5.1 | 76.8 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 | - |
| Male, % | 271 (42 %) | 372 (42 %) | 430 (42 %) | 421 (41 %) | 368 (36 %) | 0.014 | - |
| White, % | 596 (92 %) | 748 (85 %) | 869 (86 %) | 816 (80 %) | 711 (70 %) | < 0.001 | - |
| Visit center | 0.3 | - | |||||
| Forsyth County, % | 189 (29 %) | 191 (22 %) | 286 (28 %) | 215 (21 %) | 188 (19 %) | ||
| Jackson, % | 47 (7 %) | 125 (14 %) | 130 (13 %) | 185 (18 %) | 276 (27 %) | ||
| Minneapolis, % | 247 (38 %) | 288 (33 %) | 305 (30 %) | 314 (31 %) | 302 (30 %) | ||
| Washington Country, % | 164 (25 %) | 280 (32 %) | 295 (29 %) | 302 (30 %) | 249 (25 %) | ||
| Comorbidities at V5 | |||||||
| Hypertension, % | 10 (2 %) | 648 (74 %)† | 709 (70 %) | 913 (90 %) | 993 (98 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30), % | 111 (17 %) | 333 (38 %)† | 327 (32 %) | 418 (41 %) | 405 (40 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 115 (18 %) | 339 (38 %)† | 308 (30 %) | 381 (38 %) | 388 (38 %) | < 0.001 | - |
| CHD, % | 19 (3 %) | 117 (14 %)† | 107 (11 %) | 108 (11 %) | 98 (10 %) | 0.023 | < 0.001 |
| Afib, % | 14 (2 %) | 51 (6 %)† | 67 (7 %) | 59 (6 %) | 78 (8 %) | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
| COPD, % | 55 (9 %) | 78 (9 %) | 105 (10 %) | 82 (8 %) | 86 (8 %) | 0.67 | |
| CKD, % | 85 (13 %) | 215 (25 %)† | 236 (23 %) | 287 (28 %) | 337 (34 %) | < 0.001 | 0.57 |
| Anemi,a % | 71 (11%) | 144 (17%)† | 168 (17%) | 224 (23%) | 207 (21%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Physical exam at V5 | |||||||
| SBP | 117 ± 9 | 116 ± 9† | 130 ± 14 | 134 ± 14 | 146 ± 17 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| DBP | 63 ± 8 | 62 ± 9† | 67 ± 10 | 68 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pulse BP | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 9 | 62 ± 11 | 67 ± 12 | 75 ± 16 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate | 61 ± 9 | 62 ± 11 | 61 ± 10 | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 11 | 0.005 | 0.19 |
| Laboratory values at V5 | |||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 29 ± 6 | < 0.001 | - |
| BSA, m2 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 0.029 | - |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.8† | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 6 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hs-Tn, ng/l | 0.8 [0.6, 1.2] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.4] † | 1.0 [0.7, 1.4] | 1.1 [0.7, 1.6] | 1.2 [0.8, 1.7] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 89 [52, 156] | 105 [57, 195] † | 118 [62, 221] | 125 [66, 240] | 155 [79, 298] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 77 [66, 85] | 74 [60, 84] † | 73 [61, 84] | 71 [58, 83] | 68 [54, 82] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin mg/dL | 13.6 [12.8, 14.4] | 13.6 [12.7, 14.4] | 13.4 [12.5, 14.3] | 13.3 [12.3, 14.2] | 13.2 [12.3, 14.2] | < 0.001 | 0.033 |
| Medication at V5 | |||||||
| Any BP med use, % | - | 825 (93 %) | 670 (66 %) | 831 (82 %) | 920 (91 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Alpha blocker, % | - | 41 (5 %) | 47 (5 %) | 49 (5 %) | 86 (8 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Beta blocker, % | - | 311 (35 %) | 257 (25 %) | 314 (31 %) | 405 (40 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ACE-inhibitor, % | - | 247 (28 %) | 215 (21 %) | 252 (25 %) | 274 (27 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| CC blocker, % | - | 172 (19 %) | 176 (17 %) | 324 (32 %) | 406 (40 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Diuretic, % | - | 394 (45 %) | 339 (33 %) | 425 (42 %) | 544 (54 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Others, % | - | 97 (11 %) | 114 (11 %) | 185 (18 %) | 203 (20 %) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Trend P-value indicates comparison across all five groups.
Adj; P-value adjusted for age, sex, race, V5 BMI and visit center
P-value comparing those with SBP always <130 mmHg without versus with BP medication in models adjusting for age, sex, race V5 BMI and visit center
For medication types, p-values reflect test of trend across categories with SBP ≧130 mmHg at ≥1 study visit
Legend: SBP, systolic blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; Afib, atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; Hs-Tn, high sensitivity troponin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CC, calcium channel