Figure 5. In vitro induced T_RM maintain their phenotype in response to environmental cues.

CD69⁺CD103⁺ CD8⁺ T cells were generated in 2% O₂ + TGF-β1 as described earlier, sorted, and distributed into parallel cultures in 20% O₂ or 2% O₂ in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15, with or without TGF-β1. Cells were analyzed for expression of T_RM-associated markers via flow cytometry at 0 hours, 48 hours, and 96 hours (indicated along the x axis). Data are from 2 independent donors (n = 2) and 2 independent experiments, excepting the IL-15 without TGF-β1 condition (n = 1); mean ± SEM shown.