Figure 11. TGF-β/CS–activated fibroblast differentiation was inhibited by REV-ERBα agonist.

Human lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells were treated with (A) TGF-β with or without REV-ERBα agonist (GSK4112) for 3 days or (B) 0.1% CSE with or without GSK4112 for 2 days. RNA isolated from cells were used to determine the gene expressions (ACTA2, COL1A1, and FN1) by qRT-PCR. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for normalization. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3 for A, and n = 4–9 for B; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, between groups; 1-way ANOVA with Šidák correction for A, and unpaired Student’s t test for B).