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. 2020 Oct 15;12(2):429–451. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa114

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Nutrition.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ratios of within-individual to total variance in intakes of vitamin A (A), thiamin (B), iron (C), zinc (D), folate (E), and vitamin B-12 (F) from publications or reanalyzed datasets, by age and sex group. The total number of ratio estimates (points) and studies, respectively, represented by each boxplot are shown in parentheses on the vertical axis. Women included nonpregnant, nonlactating; pregnant; lactating; or mixed populations. Children >1 y included age ranges falling between 1 and 20 y of age. Children ≤1 y included ages up to 13 mo in some cases. Ratios for other age-sex groupings are not shown due to small numbers of available estimates. Data include analyses on overlapping populations when combined and disaggregated analyses were performed by season, age, or physiological status or including and excluding the contribution of iron intake from cooking pots. WIV:total variance, ratio of within-individual to total variance.