Figure 3.

Effects of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid on children’s sleep disturbance evaluated with the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimate of the differences in means and 95%CI. Weights are from random-effects analysis. In the Liu et al study,⁵⁶ 3 groups were reported (ie, children who never or seldom ate fish, children who sometimes ate fish, and children who often ate fish). The latter 2 groups were combined as 1 group of children with higher levels of omega-3 exposure. Mean, mean CSHQ score; WMD, weighted mean difference.