TABLE 3.
Examples of more common and less common ocular pathogensa
| Disease(s) | More common pathogens | Less common pathogens |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1—outer eye | ||
| Canaliculitis | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Actinomyces spp. | RGM, P. aeruginosa |
| Dacryocystitis | S. aureus, S. pyogenes, C. albicans, S. pneumoniae, Actinomyces spp., P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae | RGM |
| Blepharitis | S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, C. acnes, HSV | Demodex folliculorum, Pthirus pubis |
| Conjunctivitis | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Moraxella spp., C. trachomatis, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 70 | Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Toxocara canis, microfilariae, microsporidia, Ebola virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus |
| Preseptal cellulitis | S. aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae | |
| Group 2—inner eye | ||
| Keratitis | P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Moraxella spp., S. marcescens, C. acnes, B. cereus, B. subtilis, Enterobacterales, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., C. albicans, adenovirus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus, HSV-1 and -2, VZV, Acanthamoeba | N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Nocardia spp., RGM, Exophiala spp., Scedosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Curvularia spp., Bipolaris spp., Acremonium spp., microsporidia, microfilaria, Hartmannella spp., vahlkamphid amoebae |
| Endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis | S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. pneumoniae, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Enterococcus spp., C. acnes, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacterales, B. cereus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Bacillus spp., C. albicans, Aspergillus spp. | H. influenzae, Burkholderia cepacia complex, N. meningitidis, Nocardia spp., RGM, Exserohilum spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Scedosporium spp., HSV, VZV, CMV, T. gondii, Taenia solium, Echinococcus spp. |
| Infectious uveitis/retinitis | C. albicans, T. gondii, HSV, VZV, CMV | T. pallidum, M. tuberculosis, B. burgdorferi, West Nile virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, chikungunya virus |
| Orbital cellulitis | S. pyogenes, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacterales, H. influenzae, Bacteroides spp., Mucorales spp. | Aspergillus spp., Scedosporium spp. |
a
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; VZV, varicella-zoster virus; RGM, rapidly growing mycobacteria.