FIG 1.

B. thailandensis infection-induced cell death is delayed but ultimately increases in Casp8/Ripk3/Casp1/11^−/− BMDMs. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with B. thailandensis (MOI 5) and cell death was tracked in the indicated WT or knockout cells deficient in components of pyroptosis (Casp1/11^−/−, Gsdmd^−/−), necroptosis (Ripk3^−/−, Mlkl^−/−), apoptosis/necroptosis (Casp8/Ripk3^−/−), pyroptosis/necroptosis (Gsdmd/Mlkl^−/−), or PANoptosis (Casp8/Ripk3/Casp1/11^−/−). (A to C) Quantification of propidium iodide (PI)⁺ nuclei over 24 h of infection in the indicated BMDM genotypes with (D) representative images from 24 h postinfection showing PI⁺ nuclei (red object mask). Scale bars (black) indicate 50 μm. Significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test: *, ≤0.05; **, ≤0.01; ***, ≤0.001; ****, ≤0.0001; n.s., not significant. Data are representative of one of at least three independent biological replicate experiments where at least four replicate wells, with nine images per well, were quantified to determine the average nuclei count per well.