Table 2.
Relationship between demographic variables and DASS-21 and IES-R subscales following COVID-19outbreak
| Variables | N (%) | Stress | Anxiety | Depression | Event impact | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | R- Squared (R2) | Adjusted R-Squared (AR2) | B (95% CI) | R2 | AR2 | B (95% CI) | R2 | AR2 | B (95% CI) | R2 | AR2 | ||
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Male | 778 (72.4) | −3.12** (−4.60, −1.65) | 0.016 | 0.015 | −1.38* (−2.55, −0.21) | 0.005 | 0.004 | −1.25 (−2.66, 0.16) | 0.003 | 0.002 | −5.98*** (−8.10, −3.85) | 0.028 | 0.027 |
| Female | 297 (27.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Age | |||||||||||||
| 18–30 | 309 (28.7) | 3.08* (0.56, 5.63) | 0.014 | 0.010 | 1.79 (−0.22, 3.80) | 0.008 | 0.004 | 3.80** (1.39, 6.22) | 0.013 | 0.009 | −1.37 (−5.07, 2.32) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| 31–40 | 442 (41.1) | 3.12* (0.68, 5.57) | 2.37* (0.43, 4.31) | 2.76* (0.43, 5.08) | 0.62 (−2.93, 4.18) | ||||||||
| 41–50 | 208 (19.3) | 0.77 (−1.91, 3.45) | 1.49 (−0.63, 3.61) | 1.41 (−1.14, 3.96) | −0.96 (−4.87, 2.93) | ||||||||
| 51–60 | 95 (8.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Over 60 | 21 (2.0) | −1.64 (−6.86, 3.58) | −1.08 (−5.21, 3.06) | −0.04 (−5.00, 4.92) | −4.66 (−12.25, 2.93) | ||||||||
| Children | |||||||||||||
| Under 16 | 401 (37.3) | Reference | 0.012 | 0.009 | Reference | 0.005 | 0.002 | Reference | 0.015 | 0.012 | Reference | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Over 16 | 188 (17.5) | −2.29* (−4.21, −0.38) | −1.62* (−2.22, 1.46) | −1.13 (−2.94, 0.69) | −2.71 (−5.49, 0.068) | ||||||||
| Both | 113 (10.5) | −2.20 (−4.51, 0.11) | −0.28 (−2.11, 1.54) | −1.63 (−3.81, 0.56) | −2.58 (−5.93, 0.76) | ||||||||
| Childless | 373 (34.7) | 0.69 (−0.86, 2.25) | 0.10 (−1.14, 1.33) | 1.86* (0.38, 3.34) | −2.69* (−4.95, −0.42) | ||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||
| Single | 286 (26.6) | Reference | 0.004 | 0.002 | Reference | 0.000 | −0.003 | Reference | 0.016 | 0.013 | Reference | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Married | 751 (69.9) | −1.60* (−3.11, −0.09) | −0.07 (−1.26, 1.13) | −2.99** (−4.41, −1.56) | 2.13 (−0.54, 4.32) | ||||||||
| Divorced | 34 (3.2) | −1.89 (−5.83, 2.05) | −0.62 (−3.95, 2.29) | −3.37 (−7.09, 0.36) | −1.50 (−7.21, 4.21) | ||||||||
| Deceased spouse | 4 (0.4) | −3.63 (−14.56, 7.31) | −0.21 (−8.87, 8.44) | 1.81 (−12.14, 8.52) | 2.73 (−13.12, 18.58) | ||||||||
| Occupation | |||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 89 (8.3) | 0.37 (−3.10, 3.85) | 0.014 | 0.009 | 2.08 (−0.67, 4.84) | 0.006 | 0.001 | 3.45* (0.16, 6.74) | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.48 (−4.55, 5.52) | 0.012 | 0.06 |
| Housewife | 300 (27.9) | 0.02 (−2.87, 2.91) | 1.12 (−1.17, 3.41) | 1.62 (−1.12, 4.37) | 1.43 (−2.75, 5.63) | ||||||||
| Student | 139 (12.9) | 0.92 (−2.27, 4.10) | 1.21 (−1.32, 3.74) | 3.69* (0.66, 6.71) | −2.76 (−7.39, 1.86) | ||||||||
| Medical staff | 56 (5.2) | −3.74 (−7.64, 0.15) | −0.48 (−3.57, 2.61) | −0.56 (−4.25, 3.14) | −4.49 (−10.14, 1.15) | ||||||||
| Staff elsewhere | 291 (27.1) | −2.26 (−5.16, 0.64) | −0.01 (−2.30, 2.30) | 0.44 (−2.31, 3.19) | −1.39 (−5.59, 2.81) | ||||||||
| Worker | 131 (12.2) | −0.44 (−3.66, 2.79) | 0.69 (−1.87, 3.25) | 2.91 (−0.16, 5.96) | −2.03 (−6.71, 2.64) | ||||||||
| Healthcare worker | 69 (6.4) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Primary school | 9 (0.8) | −4.44 (−11.95, 3.07) | 0.002 | −0.001 | −0.59 (−6.51, 5.33) | 0.006 | 0.003 | −2.11 (−9.23, 5.02) | 0.005 | 0.002 | −10.29 (−21.10, 0.52) | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| High school diploma | 220 (20.5) | 0.65 (−1.79, 3.10) | 2.31* (0.38, 4.24) | 2.35* (0.03, 4.67) | 5.27** (1.75, 8.79) | ||||||||
| Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees | 722 (67.2) | 0.43 (−1.68, 2.54) | 1.36 (−0.31, 3.03) | 1.47 (−0.54, 3.47) | 3.62* (0.58, 6.67) | ||||||||
| PhD | 124 (11.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
*** Significant at 0.001 level, ** Significant at 0.01 level, * Significant at 0.05 level
B=Beta