Table 3.
Relationship between demographic variables and IES-R subscales (severity of PTSD) following COVID-19 outbreak
| Variables | Frequency | Normal | Partial PTSD | Probable PTSD | Immune system functioning | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 778 (72.4) | 244 (31.4) | 160 (20.6) | 78 (10.0) | 296 (38.0) | 0.000*** |
| Female | 297 (27.6) | 145 (49.0) | 57 (19.3) | 20 (6.8) | 74 (25.0) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–30 | 309 (28.7) | 128 (41.4) | 64 (20.7) | 23 (7.4) | 94 (30.4) | 0.028* |
| 31–40 | 442 (41.1) | 146 (33.1) | 91 (20.6) | 33 (7.5) | 171 (38.8) | |
| 41–50 | 208 (19.3) | 77 (37.0) | 37 (17.8) | 29 (13.9) | 65 (31.1) | |
| 51–60 | 95 (8.8) | 30 (31.6) | 18 (18.9) | 13 (13.7) | 34 (35.8) | |
| Over 60 | 21 (2.0) | 8 (38.1) | 7 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Children | ||||||
| Under 16 | 401 (37.3) | 125 (31.3) | 87 (21.8) | 28 (7.0) | 160 (40.0) | 0.005** |
| Over16 | 188 (17.5) | 68 (36.2) | 42 (22.3) | 21 (11.2) | 57 (30.3) | |
| Both | 113 (10.5) | 48 (42.5) | 11 (9.7) | 15 (13.3) | 39 (34.5) | |
| Childless | 373 (34.7) | 148 (39.7) | 77 (20.6) | 34 (9.1) | 114 (30.6) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 286 (26.6) | 117 (40.9) | 63 (22.0) | 19 (6.6) | 87 (30.4) | 0.205 |
| Married | 751 (69.9) | 255 (34.0) | 148 (19.7) | 78 (10.4) | 269 (35.9) | |
| Divorced | 34 (3.2) | 15 (44.1) | 6 (17.6) | 1 (2.9) | 12 (35.3) | |
| Deceased spouse | 4 (0.4) | 2 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (50.0) | |
| Family size | ||||||
| One | 22 (2) | 7 (31.8) | 5 (22.7) | 2 (9.1) | 8 (36.4) | 0.805 |
| Two | 206 (19.2) | 75 (36.4) | 40 (19.4) | 26 (12.6) | 65 (31.6) | |
| Three to four | 343 (31.9) | 127 (37.0) | 64 (18.7) | 29 (8.5) | 123 (35.9) | |
| Five and so | 504 (46.9) | 180 (35.8) | 108 (21.5) | 41 (8.2) | 174 (34.6) | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed | 89 (8.3) | 30 (33.7) | 18 (20.2) | 8 (9.0) | 33 (37.1) | 0.195 |
| Housewife | 300 (27.9) | 89 (29.7) | 59 (19.7) | 37 (12.3) | 115 (38.3) | |
| Student | 139 (12.9) | 61 (43.9) | 34 (24.5) | 5 (3.6) | 39 (28.1) | |
| Medical Staff | 56 (5.2) | 21 (37.5) | 11 (19.6) | 7 (12.5) | 17 (30.4) | |
| Staff elsewhere | 291 (27.1) | 109 (37.5) | 57 (19.6) | 26 (8.9) | 99 (34.0) | |
| Worker | 131 (12.2) | 55 (42.3) | 23 (17.7) | 8 (6.2) | 44 (33.8) | |
| Healthcare worker | 69 (6.4) | 24 (34.8) | 15 (21.7) | 7 (10.1) | 23 (33.3) | |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary school | 9 (0.8) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.009** |
| High school diploma | 220 (20.5) | 73 (33.3) | 47 (21.5) | 16 (7.3) | 83 (37.9) | |
| Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees | 722 (67.2) | 259 (35.9) | 135 (18.7) | 72 (10.0) | 256 (35.5) | |
| PhD | 124 (11.5) | 49 (39.5) | 34 (27.4) | 10 (8.1) | 31 (25.0) | |
*** Significant at 0.001 level, ** Significant at 0.01 level, * Significant at 0.05 level