Table 1.

Program description

	Author and year, Country	Name of program Main goals	Model of peer support	Program timeline/duration Organisers* Location*	Participant demographics*	Peer training Supervision*	Support program attendees (n)
In-Person	Calder-Sprackman et al, 201712 Canada	Ice cream rounds – Improve resident wellbeing by create an environment for debriefing, to create resilience and protect from emotional burnout	Groups, in person	Since 2014, 1h sessions 3 or 4 times a year – Department of Medicine – University of Ottawa	Emergency residents	N/A	40%-60% of residents (n= N/A)
	Gilliland et al, 199011 USA	Specialty Nursing Council - 1) networking and role development 2) increase visibility of nurses 3) provide continue education 4) provide community service	Groups, in person	24 monthly meetings total - Organized by the Steering Committee	Specialty nurses	N/A	30 to 75
	Redwood et al, 200714 USA	Stress Management Program – Facilitating adjustment of juniors medical students, aid in developing personal stress management skills, facilitate development of peer support program, identify 2nd year students as resource persons, provide training to medical students about behavioural sciences and health promotion	Group, in person	Yearly 1h/week program for 7 consecutive weeks, for the past 16 years – Department of Behavioural Sciences - Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences	First year medical students with 2nd year students coleaders	Training and supervision provided by the department of behavioural sciences. Two psychologist faculty members serve as program coordinators	1111, averaging 69.5 participants per year
	Sugumar et al, 201915 Australia	Reduce stigma associated with mental health, improve self-care, increase confidence	Groups, in person	5-session workshop – University of Tasmania	4th year medical students	N/A	20 out of 32 students of the cohort
	Wilson et al, 200416 Australia	N/A – Meet needs of general practitioners for support, sharing of knowledge and skills, ongoing education and skills development, fostering of self-care.	Groups, in person	3 workshops – the SA Division of General Practice – University of Adelaide	General practitioners	Training program and manual	8 in workshops 1 and 2, 7 in workshop 3
Online	George et al 201317 USA	Facebook Stress Management Group (not official name) – Reduce anxiety, enhance academic confidence, facilitate social connectedness	Online in groups, through Facebook (and also one in person but it was not documented)	No schedules, program available online at all times – program managed by faculty - Facebook	Anonymous medical students – mean 23 years old – 27 females (57%), 20 males (43%) n=47	N/A – Supervision by experts in counselling and information technology and monitoring by mental health professional	47 online, 48 in person
	Lau et al, 200713 Hong Kong	Mental Health Support Group (MSG) – 1) Increase students’ mental health awareness 2) provide peer support network 3) create effective channels for help seeking	Online, group forum and email counseling	Group of 2nd and 4th year medical students – Online forum and e-mail	Medical students from years 1 to 4	15h training by qualified trainer and mental health promotion project – Supervision by senior teacher in clinical psychology	~ 602
Mixed	Lane et al, 201818 USA	The Washington University School of Medicine Clinician Peer Support Program (PCP) – Providing support to clinicians after adverse events and medical errors	Individualized, email or phone	3 years program One meeting, or more if necessary - Washington University School of Medicine, WUSM Faculty Practice Plan – Barnes-Jewish Hospital	6 (3.6%) Nurse practitioners/physician assistants, 4 (2.4%) certified registered nurse anesthetists, specialized physicians, 17 (10.3%) medical fellows, 68 (41.2%) medical residents, 70 (42.4%) faculty members	2h small group live training sessions – Support of the Washington University School of Medicine, WUSM Faculty Practice Plan, and respective risk management and general counsel departments	165
	Moir et al, 201619 New Zealand	N/A – Reduce anxiety and depression scores and improve quality of life and resilience among medical students	Groups, in person, or individualized upon request	6 months University of Auckland	2nd and 3rd year medical students Female=53% 20.9 average age (n = 77)	24h of training over 8 weeks given by facilitators	68 Intervention group (n = 68) Control (n = 77)
	Shapiro et al, 20164 USA	Center for Professionalism and Peer support – Encourage a culture that values and promotes mutual respect, trust, and teamwork	Groups, in person and individualized, online over e-mail	Since 2008, program consistently reaches out to peers and holds group sessions – Physicians – Brigham and Women’s Hospital	Physicians, core group of peer supporters	Training with key strategy of simulating scenarios	Over 220 outreach calls and over 240 physicians in group peer support sessions
Not Specified	Robledo et al,20 2018 USA	Peer Advocate (PA) program – Provide medical students with accessible non-threatening trained peer listeners	N/A	Throughout academic year – Medical students and Associate Dean for Student Affairs – Yale School of Medicine	Medical student Males=50.5%	Existing PA and professional experts train new PA	56

^*If provided. Legend: Legend: N/A=not available; USA= United States of America